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| 1 | Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H_2S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern China显示文摘The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing higher hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of China, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200 billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H2S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang, etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T1f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H2S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the re-sult of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon iso-topic analysis of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H2S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H2S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons be-ing consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secon-dary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of the secondary calcite to be lower (?18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products, i.e. H2S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the 32S being re-leased firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ 34S values for the generated sulphide (H2S) or sulfur will be. However, for the anhydrite that participates in reactions, the higher the reaction degree, the more 32S is released, while the less 32S remains and the more δ 34S is increased. The testing results have proved the process of the dynamic fractionation of sulfur isotopes. | ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo DAI Jinxing LI Jian | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，11： | 58 |
| 2 | Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, China显示文摘The Luliang and Baoshan basins of Yunnan Province are two small-sized continental oil/gas-bearing sedimentary basins, which were developed at the bases of the Carboniferous and Devonian systems during the Late Tertiary, covering an area of 325 km2 and 254 km2, respectively. Since the 1990s, there have been discovered small-sized natural gas pools in these two basins. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases, with nonhydrocarbons accounting for less than 2%. Of the hydrocarbon gases, methane accounts for more than 99%, and the components above C2 account for less than 0.2%. On the basis of previous studies of geological background, the composition of natural gases and their carbon isotopic composition, it has been defined that these two gas pools are of bacterial origin. In this work we have comprehensively measured the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gases from these two basins and have gone into the details of the mechanism of gas generation. The δ 13C1 values of natural gases from the Luliang Basin are within the range of –72.1‰―–73.3‰, and the δ DCH4 values, –242‰―–234‰, indicating that the bacterial gas generation is dominated by the way of CO2 reduction. It has been evidenced that under continental-facies fresh water conditions there did occur the CO2 reduction as a process of bacterial gas generation. The δ 13C1 values of natural gases from the Baoshan Basin are within the range of –62.5‰―–63.5‰, and the δ DCH4 values, –252‰―–260‰. These isotopic characteristics are fallen into transitional phase of acetate fermentation and CO2 reduction as defined by Whiticar et al. (1986). An important discovery in the Luliang Basin is the carbon isotopic composition of ethane of purely biogenetic origin, i.e., its δ 13C2 values are within the range of –61.2‰―–66.0‰. These carbon iso- topic values have been reported for the first time in China. As compared to the δ 13C2 values of less than –55‰ for the two cases encountered previously in the world, a significant difference is that in the latter two cases there are obvious signs of contamination caused by ethane of thermal origin. So it cannot be ruled out that the light δ 13C2 values are the result of isotope fractionation of ethane of thermal origin. The δ 13C2 values of natural gases from the Luliang Basin are all less than –60‰, andthere is almost no possibility that ethane of thermal origin migrated vertically and horizontally into gas pools within this basins. This demonstrates that in the Luliang Basin the ethane, whose δ 13C2 values are within the range of –61.2‰―–66.0‰, is of purely biogenic, hence providing scientific evidence that ethane can be produced by the bacterial process. This is an important discovery in natural sci- ence, and also provides clues to the comprehensive study of the mechanism of formation of ethane. | XU Yongchang1, LIU Wenhui2, SHEN Ping1, WANG Wanchun1, WANG Xiaofeng1, Tenger1, YAN Yaomin3 & LIU Ruobin3 1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophsics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China 3. South Branch of Petroleum Exploration and Production Company, SINOPEC, Kuming 650000, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，9： | 11 |
| 3 | Teleconnection between Sea Ice in the Barents Sea in June and the Silk Road,Pacific–Japan and East Asian Rainfall Patterns in August显示文摘In contrast to previous studies that have tended to focus on the influence of the total Arctic sea-ice cover on the East Asian summer tripole rainfall pattern, the present study identifies the Barents Sea as the key region where the June sea-ice variability exerts the most significant impacts on the East Asian August tripole rainfall pattern, and explores the teleconnection mechanisms involved. The results reveal that a reduction in June sea ice excites anomalous upward air motion due to strong near-surface thermal forcing, which further triggers a meridional overturning wave-like pattern extending to midlatitudes.Anomalous downward motion therefore forms over the Caspian Sea, which in turn induces zonally oriented overturning circulation along the subtropical jet stream, exhibiting the east–west Rossby wave train known as the Silk Road pattern. It is suggested that the Bonin high, a subtropical anticyclone predominant near South Korea, shows a significant anomaly due to the eastward extension of the Silk Road pattern to East Asia. As a possible descending branch of the Hadley cell, the Bonin high anomaly ultimately triggers a meridional overturning, establishing the Pacific–Japan pattern. This in turn induces an anomalous anticyclone and cyclone pair over East Asia, and a tripole vertical convection anomaly meridionally oriented over East Asia. Consequently, a tripole rainfall anomaly pattern is observed over East Asia. Results from numerical experiments using version 5 of the Community Atmosphere Model support the interpretation of this chain of events. | Shengping HE Yongqi GAO Tore FUREVIK Huijun WANG Fei LI | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，1： | 9 |
| 4 | Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide films:Preparation,characterization and their electrochemical properties显示文摘Graphene oxide (GO) film was electrochemically reduced by a cyclic voltammetry technique in 6 mol L-1 KOH aqueous solution.Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ER-GO) film was characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.The oxygen content (with the O/C atomic ratio of 1.29%) was significantly decreased after electrochemical reduction.The ER-GO film exhibited a specific capacitance of 152 F g-1 at the current density of 5 A g-1 and a good rate capability.Furthermore,the ER-GO film showed an excellent cycling ability.The capacitance retention remained 99% after 3000 cycles at the current density of 10 A g-1. | ZHANG Xiong ZHANG DaCheng CHEN Yao SUN XianZhong MA YanWei | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，23： | 6 |
| 5 | Regio-and Stereo-selective Reductions of Steroidal 4-en-3,6-dione显示文摘The different regioselective and stereoselective products were obtained by the reduction of stigmast-4,22-dien-3,6-dione with NaBH4-CH3OH when different kinds of metal ions was added to the reaction. | CUI Jian-guo 1,2, ZENG Long-mei 1**, SU Jing-yu 1 and LIN Cui-wu 1,3 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China 2. Department of Chemistry, Guangxi Teachers College, Nanning 530001, P. R. China 3. Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China | 2002 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2002，18，4： | 5 |
| 6 | INFLUENCE OF COLD ROLLING TECHNOLOGY ON TEXTURE EVOLUTION OF IF STEEL显示文摘Two kinds of cold rolling experiments, single cold rolling and double cold rolling, were carried out on one titanium stabilized interstitial free (IF) steel that has been warm rolled at ferrite temperature. The main aim was to investigate the evolution of rolling and annealing textures from the well known behavior observed under single cold rolling condition to the less understood double cold rolling by using orientation distribution function (ODF). In the twice cold rolled samples, the annealing texture comprises only single {111}(110-112) r-fibre texture when it subjected to moderate reduction in the first round of rolling. Accordingly both the once cold rolled sample and the twice cold rolled sample with heavy reduction in the first round of rolling have much complex texture components. They are related to the formation of initial {111} subgrain and the priority growth of stable {111} nucleus. | J.X. Li, X.H. Liu and G.D. WangState Key Laboratory of Rolling & Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110006, China Manuscript received 16 July 2001 in revised form 6 September 2001 | 2002 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2002，15，3： | 3 |
| 7 | Experimental study on the inhibition of biological reduction of Fe(III)EDTA in NO_x absorption solution显示文摘Scrubbing of NOx from the gas phase with Fe(II)EDTA has been shown to be highly effective. A new biological method can be used to convert NO to N2 and regenerate the chelating agent Fe(II)EDTA for continuous NO absorption. The core of this biological regeneration is how to effectively simultaneous reduce Fe(III)EDTA and Fe(II)EDTA-NO, two mainly products in the ferrous chelate absorption solution. The biological reduction rate of Fe(III)EDTA plays a main role for the NOx removal efficiency. In this paper, a bacterial strain identified as Klebsiella Trevisan sp. was used to demonstrate an inhibition of Fe(III)EDTA reduction in the presence of Fe(II)EDTA-NO. The competitive inhibition experiments indicted that Fe(II)EDTA-NO inhibited not only the growth rate of the iron-reduction bacterial strain but also the Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate. Cell growth rate and Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate decreased with increasing Fe(II)EDTA-NO concentration in the solution. | 李伟 吴成志 张士汉 施耀 雷乐成 | 2005 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2005，6，10： | 2 |
| 8 | Symmetry Reductions, Integrability and Solitary Wave Solutions to High-Order Modified Boussinesq Equations with Damping Term显示文摘Both the direct method due to Clarkson and Kruskal and the improved direct method due to Lou are extended to reduce the high-order modified Boussinesq equation with the damping term (HMBEDT) arising in the general Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model. As a result, several types of similarity reductions are obtained. It is easy to show that the nonlinear wave equation is not integrable under the sense of AblowRz's conjecture from the reduction results obtained. In addition, kink-shaped solitary wave solutions, which are of important physical significance, are found for HMBEDT based on the obtained reduction equation. | YAN ZhenYa XIE FuDing ZHANG HongQing | 2001 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2001，，7： | 2 |
| 9 | New Similarity Reductions and Compacton Solutions for Boussinesq-Like Equations with Fully Nonlinear Dispersion显示文摘In this paper, similarity rcductions of Boussinesq-like equations with nonlinear dispersion (simply called B(m, n) equations) utt = (un)xx + (um) which is a generalized model of Boussinesq equation uts = (u2)xx + u and modified Bousinesq equation utt = (u3)xx + uxxxx, are considered by using the direct reduction method. As a result,several new types of similarity reductions are found. Based on the reduction equations and some simple transformations,we obtain the solitary wave solutions and compacton solutions (which are solitary waves with the property that after colliding with other compacton solutions, they re-emerge with the same coherent shape) of B(1, n) equations and B(m, m)equations, respectively. | YAN Zhen-Ya | 2001 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2001，，10： | 2 |
| 10 | Density functional study on enantioselective reduction of keto oxime ether with borane catalyzed by oxazaborolidine显示文摘The enantioselective reduction of keto oxime ether with borane catalyzed by oxazaborolidine is discussed by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The main intermediates and transition states for this reaction are optimized completely at the B3LYP/6-31g(d) level, and the transition states are verified by vibrational modes. As shown, the chirality-controlled steps for this re- action are the hydride transfer from borane to carbonyl carbon and oxime carbon of keto oxime ether, and the chirality for the reduced products is determined in these two reaction steps. In all examined reaction paths, the first hydride is transferred via a six-membered ring and the second hydride via a five-membered ring or a four-membered ring. | LI Ming1, ZHENG Wenxu2 & TIAN Anmin2 1. Department of Chemistry, Southwest-China Normal University, Chongqing 400715, China 2. Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China | 2006 | Science China Chemistry2006，49，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Quantum chemical study on asymmetric catalysis reduction of imine显示文摘The quantum chemical method is employed to study the enantioselective reduction of imine with borane catalyzed by chiral oxazaborolidine. All the structures are optimized completely at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The catalysis property of oxazaborolidine is notable. The reduction goes mainly through the formations of the catalyst-borane adduct, the catalyst-borane-imine adduct, and the catalyst-amidoborane adduct and the dissociation of the catalyst-amidoborane adduct with the regeneration of the catalyst. The controlling step for the reduction is the dissociation of the catalyst-amidoborane adduct. The main reduced product predicted theoretically is (R )-sec- ondary amine, which is in agreement with the experiment. | LI Ming (李明) TIAN Anmin (田安民) | 2003 | Science China Chemistry2003，46，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Studies of surface processes of electrocatalytic reduction of CO_2 on Pt(210), Pt(310) and Pt(510)显示文摘Surface processes of CO2 reduction on Pt(210), Pt(310), and Pt(510) electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Different surface structures of these platinum single crystal electrodes were obtained by various treatment conditions. The experimental results illustrated that the electrocatalytic activity of Pt single crystal electrodes towards CO2 reduction is decreased in an order of Pt(210)>Pt(310)>Pt(510), i.e., with the decrease of (110) step density on well-defined surfaces. When the surfaces were reconstructed due to oxygen adsorption, the catalytic activity of all the three electrodes has been enhanced to a cer- tain extent. Although the activity order remains unchanged, the electrocatalytic activity has been en- hanced more significantly as the density of (110) step sites is more intensive on the Pt single crystal surface. It has revealed that the more open the surface structure is, the more active the Pt single crystal electrode will be, and the easier for the electrode to be transformed into a surface structure that exhib- its higher activity under external inductions. However, the relatively ordered surfaces of Pt single crystal electrode are comparatively stable under the same external inductions. The present study has gained knowledge on the interaction between CO2 and Pt single crystal electrode surfaces at a micro- scopic level, and thrown new insight into understanding the surface processes of electrocatalytic re- duction of CO2. | FAN ChunJie FAN YouJun ZHEN ChunHua ZHENG QingWei SUN ShiGang | 2007 | Science China Chemistry2007，50，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Enantioselective Reduction of Achiral Ketones with NaBH_4/I_2 Catalyzed by (S)-Ferrocenyl Amino Alcohols显示文摘The reduction reagents prepared from sodium borohydride, I2 and a catalytic amount of chiral ferrocenyl amino alcohols 2a-e have been successfully applied to the enantioselective reduction of ketones. The optically active secondary alcohols were obtained in moderate enantiomeric excess and high chemical yield. | Wei Yi CHEN*, Jun LU, Ya Wen ZHANG, Zong Xuan SHEN Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006 | 2002 | Chinese Chemical Letters2002，13，10： | 0 |
| 14 | Preparation and characterization of noble metal nanocolloids by silk fibroin in situ reduction显示文摘Noble metal nanocolloids are prepared from their precursors by in situ reduction of a silk fibroin solution at room temperature without any reducing agent. The mechanism, the effects of pH and the molar ratio of the reactants on the reduction reaction are studied by UV-Vis spectros-copy. The structure of the colloids is characterized by FT-IR, TEM and AFM. According to the TEM images, the gold-silk fibroin colloid is a nanostructured bioconjugate with novel core-shell, while the silver-silk fibroin colloid tends to be congregated as clusters having more than ten nanoparti-cles of silver-silk fibroin. The gold colloid is highly dispersed and stable while the silver colloid is less dispersed and stable than the gold colloid. | 陈文兴 吴雯 陈海相 沈之荃 | 2003 | Science China Chemistry2003，46，4： | 0 |
| 15 | Wheat Grain Yield and Protein Content as Influenced by Sodium Bisulfite显示文摘Two wheat varieties with similar yield and significantly different protein content were chosen to study the effect of foliage spraying sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at low concentration to wheat plants receiving different levels of nitrogen on nitrate reduction along with yield and protein content of grain, so as to discuss the relationship between carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, and find out the intrinsic mechanism of grain yield and protein content formation. The results showed that spraying NaHSO3 at grain-filing stage increased the yield of grain, but declined the capacity of nitrate reduction, which might result in decrease of protein content in the end. Whether receiving NaHSO3 or not, the variety with high protein content had higher final protein level and nitrate reduction capacity than that with low protein content. | WANG Xian-ze, ZHANG Shu-qin, TIAN Ji-chun and ZHAO Shi-jie( College of Life Sciences , Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 ) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，2： | 0 |
| 16 | SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE POLYORGANOSILOXANE CONTAINING AMINO SIDE GROUPS显示文摘A novel alcohol-soluble polyorganosiloxane containing amino side groups, poly[3-(4-aminophenoxy)propylmethylsiloxane] (2), was first prepared by the reduction of nitro groups on 4-nitrophenoxypropyl side chains of poly[3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propylmethylsiloxane] (1). The reaction proceeded easily with nearly 100% conversion. The synthesized alcohol-soluble polymer 2, which has potential application as a precursor for preparing advanced functional polymers, was characterized by FTI1R 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 29Si-NMR, VPO and GPC, respectively. | Chun-qing Liu Yang Liu Zhong-rong Shen Ping Xie Rong-ben Zhang Chao-bin He Tai-shung Chung | 2001 | Chinese Journal of Polymer Science2001，19，1： | 0 |
| 17 | Investigation on property and mechanism of redox wave of methylhesperidine at Hg electrode显示文摘The voltammetric behaviors of methylhesperidine (MH) were studied by means of linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and normal pulse voltammetry. In the Brit ton-Robinson buffer solutions with pH values from 2.05 to 6.37, MH could yield three reduction waves PC1, PC2 and PC3. PC1 wave is an adsorptive pre-wave. PC2 wave is an irreversible reduc tion of pre-protonated MH involving one electron and one proton. PC3 wave is an irreversible wave of reduction species radical of MH involving one electron. | ZHENG Jianbin MENG Zuchao ZHANG Hongfang | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，z1： | 0 |
| 18 | A new method for the fast simulation of models of highly dependable Markov system显示文摘To fast evaluate the small probability that starts from the all-components-up state, the system hits the failed sets before returning to the all-components-up state, Important Sampling or Important Splitting is used commonly. In this paper, a new approach distinguished from Important Sampling and Important Splitting is presented to estimate this small probability of highly dependable Markov system. This new approach achieves variance reduction through improving the estimator itself. The new estimator is derived from the integral equation describing the state transitions of Markov system. That the variance of this estimator is less than that of naive simulation at all time is proved theoretically. Two example involved reliability models with deferred repair are used to compare the methods of RB, IGBS, SB-RBS, naive simulation, and the method presented in this paper. Results show our method has the least RE. | XIAO Gang LI Zhizhong | 2005 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2005，48，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Some Organic Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide显示文摘 | JIANG Huan-feng , YANG Xiao-yue , LI Guo-ping , ZOU Gang ?1 2 2 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650) | 2004 | 合成化学2004，12，z1： | 0 |
| 20 | Global Aspects of Flood Risk Management显示文摘Various flood disasters in the last decade have confirmed that the risk from flooding has been increasing significantly worldwide. The driving factors for the risk are the unabated increase in global population, the concentration of people in high-risk areas such as coasts and flood plains, the rise in vulnerability of assets, infrastructure and social systems, and the consequences of climate change. Risk reduction is based on comprehensive risk management from identification of the hazard and assessing the risk to building defenses. To achieve this, general awareness at all levels in a society is key. It is not sufficient merely to be aware of the situation-findings must be acted upon with no significant delay. Flood-related computations have progressed considerably in recent years, but model results can only be as good as their input data. Modeling floods and flood losses is very complex, as model parameters are subject to change during an event and conditions sometimes greatly depend on small-scale factors. | Wolfgang Kron | 2015 | Journal of Hydraulic Engineering2015，1，1： | 0 |
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