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| 1 | 除草剂阿特拉津的生态风险分析与污染治理显示文摘阿特拉津在世界范围内已经使用了近40年,其对环境与人体健康的威胁逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。文章综述了近十年来国内外关于阿特拉津对环境的风险评价,着重论述阿特拉津对生物的危害性,并提出缓解与修复阿特拉津污染的一些治理措施。 | 李宏园 马红 陶波 | 2006 | 东北农业大学学报2006，37，4： | 34 |
| 2 | 阿维菌素对蔬菜地土壤微生物及土壤酶的生态毒理效应显示文摘研究了阿维菌素对蔬菜地土壤微生物和土壤酶的生态毒理效应.实验结果表明,阿维菌素在低浓度时(1~10 mg kg^-1)对土壤脲酶活性和脱氢酶活性有轻微的激活作用,而对土壤微生物呼吸强度没有明显的影响;在高浓度时(50~100 mg kg^-1)对土壤微生物呼吸强度、脲酶活性以及脱氢酶活性均有明显抑制作用;不同浓度阿维菌素在不同程度上均会造成土壤微生物生物量的减少和过氧化氢酶活性被强烈激活. | 谢显传 张少华 王冬生 皇甫伟国 杨挺 赵健 | 2007 | 土壤学报2007，44，4： | 25 |
| 3 | 土壤中多菌灵的降解动态及其对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响显示文摘采用实验室模拟方法研究了多菌灵在土壤生态系统中的降解动态及其对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响。结果表明,2.0和4.0 mg kg-1多菌灵在土壤中的降解半衰期分别为8.6和6.8 d。试验初期各个处理的土壤微生物群落的AWCD值显著降低,土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数均低于不加多菌灵的对照,微生物群落的丰富度、均匀度和优势度受到抑制,并且多菌灵对土壤微生物的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增强。随着时间的延长,多菌灵对土壤微生物的毒性逐渐减弱,3 d后土壤微生物多样性逐渐恢复到对照水平。 | 向月琴 高春明 庞国辉 郝乙杰 方华 楚小强 虞云龙 | 2008 | 土壤学报2008，45，4： | 21 |
| 4 | Adsorption–desorption behavior of atrazine on agricultural soils in China显示文摘Adsorption and desorption are important processes that affect atrazine transport,transformation,and bioavailability in soils.In this study,the adsorption–desorption characteristics of atrazine in three soils(laterite,paddy soil and alluvial soil) were evaluated using the batch equilibrium method.The results showed that the kinetics of atrazine in soils was completed in two steps:a'fast' adsorption and a 'slow' adsorption and could be well described by pseudo-second-order model.In addition,the adsorption equilibrium isotherms were nonlinear and were well fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models.It was found that the adsorption data on laterite,and paddy soil were better fitted by the Freundlich model;as for alluvial soil,the Langmuir model described it better.The maximum atrazine sorption capacities ranked as follows:paddy soil > alluvial soil > laterite.Results of thermodynamic calculations indicated that atrazine adsorption on three tested soils was spontaneous and endothermic.The desorption data showed that negative hysteresis occurred.Furthermore,lower solution pH value was conducive to the adsorption of atrazine in soils.The atrazine adsorption in these three tested soils was controlled by physical adsorption,including partition and surface adsorption.At lower equilibrium concentration,the atrazine adsorption process in soils was dominated by surface adsorption;while with the increase of equilibrium concentration,partition was predominant. | Lin Yue ChengJun Ge Dan Feng Huamei Yu Hui Deng Bomin Fu | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，7： | 16 |
| 5 | 生物表面活性剂产生菌的分离培养及其产物特性研究显示文摘从加油站受石油污染的土壤中分离到1株高效产生物表面活性剂的菌株,经鉴定为气生单孢菌(Aeromonas sp.)。并对其发酵液表面活性剂性能及稳定性进行分析,最佳条件下发酵液的表面张力可由70.2 mN/m 降至28.9 mN/m,对温度、pH、矿化度有较好的稳定性,维持85 %以上油水乳化液稳定时间达到350 h。对其发酵条件进行了优化,确定表面活性剂产生最适C源为2 %甘油,以硝酸盐和铵盐作为N源对表面活性剂产生无影响。对其产生物表面活性剂进行提纯,经TLC分析初步确定该表面活性剂为糖脂类化合物。 | 崔中利 刘卫东 齐耀程 孙亮亮 陈兵 | 2004 | 土壤2004，36，6： | 12 |
| 6 | 五氯酚胁迫对杨树生长及根际微生物群落的响应特征显示文摘采用温室盆栽试验方法研究五氯酚污染胁迫对4个杨树品系生长及根际微生物特征的影响。结果表明:在不同浓度五氯酚污染胁迫下,供试杨树的株高和地径差异显著;氯仿熏蒸测试结果显示,杨树根际土壤微生物量碳含量随着五氯酚污染浓度增加而下降,表明五氯酚对土壤微生物活性产生毒害作用;Biolog测定结果显示:五氯酚污染处理的杨树根际土壤微生物平均每孔颜色变化率值始终大于对照,主成分分析结果也显示五氯酚污染处理对杨树根际土壤微生物的碳源利用造成显著影响,初步判断一定浓度范围的五氯酚与根际分泌物的联合作用有利于增强根际土壤微域内特定微生物群落的生理代谢活性,从而增加其碳源利用程度。结果表明:杨树根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数,Simpson指数和McIntosh指数均高于对照,微生物群落的丰富度、均匀度和优势度得到增强,并且五氯酚对土壤微生物的刺激作用随浓度的增加而增强。 | 周玲莉 姚斌 向仰州 尚鹤 韦秀文 刘方 | 2010 | 林业科学2010，46，10： | 11 |
| 7 | 生物炭对土壤中莠去津残留消减的影响显示文摘采用盆栽试验,模拟长残效除草剂的土壤残留环境,研究莠去津残留对大豆生长的影响,明确生物炭对莠去津残留毒性消减的作用。结果表明:土壤中莠去津残留对大豆生长有一定的抑制、毒害作用。当莠去津残留量达到1.0mg/kg时,其生物学毒性随大豆生育进程和农药残留量的增加而逐渐加重;施入生物炭后,幼苗受药害症状减轻或不受药害;生物炭对土壤中莠去津残留具有一定的消减作用。当土壤中莠去津达4.0mg/kg高残留量时,添加生物炭处理植株生长后期虽死亡,但植株前期生长明显好于未加炭处理;当土壤中莠去津残留量达2.0mg/kg时,成熟期调查,加炭处理大豆株高、有效荚数、百粒重、单株粒重分别增加44.62%、16.79%、9.60%、22.79%,与未加炭处理差异显著。 | 李玉梅 王根林 刘征宇 郭炜 于洪久 魏丹 | 2014 | 作物杂志2014，，2： | 7 |
| 8 | 氮磷无机营养物质对莠去津在土壤中消解的影响研究显示文摘以莠去津为研究对象,采用实验室培养方法,研究了受莠去津污染的3种不同土壤(淡涂泥田、青紫泥田和黄筋泥田)施用无机氮肥和磷肥对土壤中莠去津消解的影响。结果表明,施用无机氮肥和磷肥显著促进了莠去津的消解。在同一土壤中,不同处理中莠去津的消解速度为:氮磷肥配施(ANP处理)>单施氮肥(AN处理)>单施磷肥(AP处理)>不施肥料的处理(A处理)。就不同土壤而言,可提取态莠去津在青紫泥田中消解最快,不同处理莠去津的半衰期在22.8~30.2d之间;其次是在淡涂泥田中,不同处理莠去津的半衰期在25.1~36.6d之间;在黄筋泥田中消解最慢,不同处理莠去津消解的半衰期在31.3~45.7d之间。可见,土壤中莠去津的消解与土壤本身基本性质和外界条件有关,施用无机氮肥和磷肥可以促进土壤中莠去津的消解,这对修复被莠去津污染的土壤有着积极的作用。 | 张超兰 徐建明 | 2007 | 农业环境科学学报2007，26，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Organophosphorus Pesticide Extraction and Cleanup from Soils and Measurement Using GC-NPD显示文摘The objectives of this study were to optimize instrumental parameters and conditions for analysis of selected organop- hosphorus pesticides (OPPs) by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) (GC-NPD); to select an appropriate solvent system; to conduct a comparison of sonication and shaking extractions; and to select an appropriate procedure for extracting organophosphorus pesticides from soils. Procedure I consisted of n-hexane or petroleum ether together with acetone used as solvents, while Procedure contained several solvents including acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, and n-hexane or petroleum ether. Experimental results indicated that a mixture of petroleum ether/acetone (2:1, v/v) could be used in place of n-hexane/acetone (2:1, v/v) as it was a less expensive solvent system. In addition, shaking under a water bath at 20 °C was more effective than sonication. Also, Procedure I was more effective, safer, and more timesaving than Procedure Procedure I was applied to three soil types of different organic matter content, with recoveries of the OPPs from the yellow-brown soils, which had a higher organic matter content, being lower than those from the yellow and red soils. | WANGLi-Gang JIANGXin MAOYing-Ming ZHAOZhen-Hua BIANYong-Rong | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Atrazine Adsorption Behavior on a Fluvo-Aquic Soil as Influenced by Contact Periods显示文摘A batch experiment was performed to investigate nonequilibrium adsorption behavior of atrazine(2-chioro-4-ethylami- no-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine)on a fluvo-aquic soil.The amount of atrazine sorbed increased with increasing adsorp- tion contact periods.For a range of initial atrazine concentrations,the percentage of atrazine sorbed within 24 h ranged from 24% to 77% of the observed total amount sorbed for the longest contact period;when adsorption contact periods were more than 72h,the deviations in curves fitted using a nonlinear Freundlich equation gradually became less.The op- posite trend was observed for the atrazine concentrations in solution.The effect of adsorption contact periods on atrazine adsorption behavior was evaluated by interpreting the temporal variations in linear and nonlinear Freundlich equation parameters obtained from the phase-distribution relationships.As the adsorption contact period increased,the nonlinear Freundlich capacity coefficient k_f showed a significant linear increase(r^2=0.9063,P<0.001).However,a significant negative linear correlation was observed for the nonlinear coefficient n,a dimensionless parameter(r^2=0.5666,P<0.05). Furthermore,the linear distribution coefficient k_d ranged from 0.38 to 1.44 and exhibited a significant linear correlation to the adsorption contact period(r^2=0.72,P<0.01).The parameters k_f and n obtained from a time-dependent isotherm rather than the distribution coefficient k_d estimated using the linear Freundlich equation were more appropriate to predict the herbicide residue in the field and thus more meaningful for environmental assessment. | DENG Jian-Cai JIANG Xin LU Xin YU Gui-Fen Wang Fang ZHANG Bin | 2007 | Pedosphere2007，17，6： | 2 |
| 11 | 绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯对竹林土壤微生物的影响显示文摘采用室内培养的方法,研究了绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯在不同施药剂量下对竹林土壤微生物种群和生物量碳的影响。土壤微生物种群的影响研究采用平板培养法,土壤微生物生物量碳的影响研究采用熏蒸-提取法,提取液中的有机碳采用总有机碳分析仪测定。结果表明,绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯对细菌高浓度时有抑制作用,低浓度时有刺激作用,生产用量(1.8 mg/kg)在培养的25 d内可恢复到对照水平。真菌培养结果表明,各浓度均有刺激作用,且随着浓度的增大刺激作用增强,生产用量在培养的40 d内可恢复到对照水平。放线菌培养结果表明,较低浓度时有刺激作用,较高浓度时有抑制作用,生产用量在培养的25 d内可恢复到对照水平。绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯低浓度时土壤微生物生物量碳增加,高浓度时土壤微生物生物量碳减小,生产用量在40 d内恢复到对照水平。随着培养时间的延长,各浓度对土壤微生物的影响均减小,可能与绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯的缓慢降解有关。模拟非均匀施药情况的10倍生产用量(18 mg/kg),60 d内可恢复到对照水平,说明绿草定在合理用药的情况下对土壤微生物影响较小,不会构成长期不可恢复的影响。 | 崔海军 吴晓丽 章忠军 袁娜 | 2011 | 江西农业大学学报2011，33，6： | 2 |
| 12 | 阿特拉津对我国东北半干旱区黑钙土微生物活性影响研究显示文摘按照0.5~800μg·g-1soil施入量添加阿特拉津到黑钙土中培养54d进行实验室培养试验,研究了阿特拉津对我国东北半干旱区黑钙土微生物量碳、土壤碳及氮矿化量、脲酶和脱氢酶活性影响。结果表明,阿特拉津添加到土壤中后,显著提高了(P<0.05)土壤微生物量碳,增加了土壤碳及氮矿化量,提高土壤脱氢酶活性;多数情况下,各培养时间添加阿特拉津各处理间土壤脲酶活性的差异未达到显著水平(P<0.05)。由此得出结论:土壤脱氢酶活性、土壤微生物量碳和土壤碳矿化量及氮矿化量是对阿特拉津处理土壤较敏感的生物学指标,适合作为半干旱区黑钙土微生物活性对阿特拉津响应的参数;而土壤脲酶活性不适合作为半干旱区黑钙土土壤微生物活性的指标,因为它不能敏感地反映阿特拉津作用下土壤脲酶活性差异。 | 宋日 刘利 吴春胜 马丽艳 | 2009 | 农业环境科学学报2009，28，6： | 2 |
| 13 | 重金属-PAHs污染土壤植物微生物修复效果及机理显示文摘针对焦化厂等土壤中铬(Cr)、砷(As)重(类)金属和菲(Phe)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)等多环芳烃(PAHs)风险高、绿色低碳修复技术缺乏等突出问题,以黑麦草-玉米-食醚红球菌(Rhodococcus aetherivorans,BW2)开展植物微生物联合。结果表明,63 d后植物微生物联合修复组土壤中Cr、As、Phe和BaP浓度分别下降9.63%、5.28%、45.14%和26.87%,其中重金属的去除主要依赖于植物作用,而PAHs去除则在很大程度上取决于微生物与植物的共同作用;植物主要吸收可提取态重金属,63 d后不同修复组土壤中可交换态Cr平均下降2.19%,而As则由于降解作用使修复过程中可交换态增加;可交换态Cr和碳酸盐结合态Cr与土壤中放线菌门呈强正相关,2种形态As则与拟杆菌门、装甲菌门、FBP菌门和浮霉菌门呈正相关。污染物去除效率间存在明显的相互作用,同时受酶活性和不同功能微生物丰度的动态影响,反之土壤微生物群落结构和功能也在土壤污染物种类、浓度及理化性质等综合作用下发生改变。 | 贾建丽 高小龙 张犇 赵燊炜 韩宇欣 原浩坤 王业荃 | 2024 | 洁净煤技术2024，30，1： | 0 |
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