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| 1 | Heavy Metals in a Sulfidic Minespoil:Fractions and Column Leaching显示文摘Fractions of various heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil were investigated. Column leaching experimentwas also conducted to simulate 'acid mine drainage' (AMD) from the minespoil. The results show thatleaching of heavy metals from the minespoil was extremely significant during the initial water flushing.The amounts of heavy metals leached out dramatically reduced after leaching twice. It is worthwhile tonote that in this study, Zn, Mn, Fe, As and Ni in the first leachate exceeded the total amount of eachcorresponding water-extractable (1:5, soil:water) metal contained in the minespoil sample. This appears tosuggest that 1:5 water extraction did not allow accurate estimation of water-leachable concentrations of theabove heavy metals. This work has implications for the management of sulfidic minespoils. Acid drainageof great environmental concerns is likely to occur only during heavy rainfall events after substantial solubleand readily exchangeable acid and metals are accumulated in the minespoils. The slow-reacting fractionsother than water-soluble and readily exchangeable fractions may pose little environmental hazards. This isparticularly true for Pb, As and Ni. | C.LIN J.LIN | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，1： | 16 |
| 2 | 酸性硫酸盐土的形成、特性及其生态环境效应显示文摘酸性硫酸盐土(ASS)是全球沿海周边广泛分布的土壤种类,其铁、硫元素的生物地球化学过程在全球物质循环过程中具有重要地位,但ASS也是最低质的土壤类型之一。ASS成土母质常形成于富含有机质、海水浸泡的江口、海湾等热带亚热带滨海环境,经异化细菌还原海水硫酸盐而形成四方硫铁矿(Fe S)、硫复铁矿(Fe3S4)、黄铁矿(Fe S2)等多种还原态Fe-S矿物沉淀物。ASS成土母质形成过程中的生物活动、化学反应相当活跃,还原态Fe-S矿物沉淀物将环境中游离的金属、稀土元素以及痕量元素固定下来,实现海水净化、金属富集作用。因自然条件变化或者人为干扰等影响,ASS成土母质中的还原态Fe-S矿物被氧化而形成ASS。富含还原性硫化铁矿物的成土母质经一系列复杂反应,被氧化形成氢氧化铁、酸、硫酸盐等最终产物,同时伴生多种铁、硫生物中间产物,以及强酸土壤环境。强酸环境下,铝、镉、锰、砷、铬等有毒金属的活性大幅提高,而磷、钾、锌、硼等必需营养元素含量显著降低,严重危害实地动植物生长。另一方面,ASS中的酸和活化的重金属随雨水、径流、毛细管等途径进入河流、地下水,威胁周边生态安全。目前,ASS的形成机理已基本被揭示,以及ASS发育过程中的生态环境效应已基本清晰。然而,我国早期学者主要关注ASS的铁、铝、硫含量水平,以及ASS发育农田的改良应用,对于ASS的发育过程、生态功能及风险等尚未形成系统的认识。近年来,随着耕地面积不断萎缩,开发改良ASS等低产田块是提高我国粮食产量水平的重要措施。因此,为了合理开发利用ASS,尽量降低ASS的生态风险,亟需对ASS的形成机理、发育过程、土壤特性、生态环境效应进行全面综述。本文首先对ASS的形成条件与过程进行综述,进一步梳理了ASS中硫的演变和铁的地球化学过程,并着重阐述了ASS的酸性特点,最后对ASS的生态环境效应进行了讨论。结合我国研究现状,展望了进一步研究ASS的主要问题,旨在为科学开发和利用酸性硫酸盐土提供参考。 | 黄巧义 唐拴虎 卢瑛 张发宝 杨少海 | 2014 | 植物营养与肥料学报2014，20，6： | 10 |
| 3 | 酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法显示文摘酸性硫酸盐土是一种广泛分布于沿海低地和矿区的污染源土壤,对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在或实际的负面影响。酸性硫酸盐土中各类酸度是评估酸性硫酸盐土环境风险最重要的指标。酸性硫酸盐土的酸度可分为水溶性酸度、吸持性酸度和金属硫化物起源潜在酸度等3种类型。文章根据最新的研究结果,简要地介绍酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法。 | 林初夏 吴志峰 | 2003 | 生态环境2003，12，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Effects of Multiple Soil Conditioners on a Mine Site Acid Sulfate Soil for Vetiver Growth显示文摘A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various soil treatments on the growth of vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) with the objective of formulating appropriate soil media for use in sulfide-bearing mined areas. An acidic mine site acid sulfate soil (pH 2.8) was treated with different soil conditioner formula including hydrated lime, red mud (bauxite residues), zeolitic rock powder, biosolids and a compound fertilizer. Soils treated with red mud and hydrated lime corrected soil acidity and reduced or eliminated metal toxicity enabling the establishment of vetiver grass.Although over-liming affected growth, some seedlings of vetiver survived the initial strong alkaline conditions. Addition of appropriate amounts of zeolitic rock powder also enhanced growth, but over-application caused detrimental effects. In this experiment, soil medium with the best growth performance of vetiver was 50 g of red mud, 10 g of lime, 30 g of zeolitic rock powder and 30 g of biosolids with 2000 g of mine soils (100% survival rate with the greatest biomass and number of new shoots), but adding a chemical fertilizer to this media adversely impacted plant growth. In addition, a high application rate of biosolids resulted in poorer growth of vetiver, compared to a moderate application rate. | LINChu-Xia LONGXin-Xian XUSong-Jun CHUCheng-Xing MAIShao-Zhi JIANGDian | 2004 | Pedosphere2004，14，3： | 6 |
| 5 | Factors Controlling Deoxygenation of 'Floodwater' Overlying an Acid Sulfate Soil: Experimental Modeling显示文摘An incubation experiment was conducted to simulate the effect of flooding on water deoxygenation in acid sulfate soil floodplain systems. The originally oxygenated 'floodwater' could be deoxygenated immediately following 'flooding' and it is likely that this was caused mainly by decomposition of organic debris from the inundated plants. Deoxygenation eventually led to the depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the 'floodwater'and it is highly possible that this resulted in the transformations of ferric Fe to ferrous Fe, sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, and organic nitrogen to ammonia (ammonification). The accumulation of these reduced substances allows the 'floodwater' to develop DO-consuming capacity (DOCC). When the 'floodwater' is mixed with the introduced oxygenated water, apart from the dilution effects, the reduced substances contained in the 'floodwater' oxidize to further consume DO carried by the introduced water. However, it appears that the DO drop in the mixed water can only last for a few hours if no additional DO-depleted 'floodwater' is added.Entry of atmospheric oxygen into the water can raise the DO level of the mixed water and lower water pH through the oxidation of the reduced substances. | C.LIN P.G.HASKINS J.LIN | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，4： | 0 |
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