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| 1 | 喀斯特石漠化过程中植被演替及其对径流水化学的影响显示文摘通过对贵州中部喀斯特地区进行植被调查以及土壤和径流样品的分析,探讨石漠化过程中植被演替及其对径流水化学组成的影响。结果表明:喀斯特石漠化后,土壤出现粘质化,有机质含量急剧下降,土壤毛管孔隙度下降,干旱季节表层和次表层土壤的含水量明显减少,改变了生态系统的水分运动规律。喀斯特地表径流中离子浓度的大小排序为HCO3->SO42->Ca2+>Mg2+>K+、NO3-、Cl->Na+>NH4+>PO43-,地表径流水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主;随着石漠化程度的增加,地表径流中PO43-输出量明显增加,其次是Ca2+、NO3-,这部分养分的流失造成土壤养分水平下降,同时影响受纳水体的环境质量。地下径流离子组成与地表径流总体相似,但HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量高于地表径流,而K+、NH4+的含量低于地表径流;石漠化发生后,地下径流中HCO3-、Mg2+浓度明显减少,岩溶作用减弱,而NH4+、NO3-浓度明显增加,对地下水质产生一定的影响。 | 刘方 王世杰 罗海波 刘元生 何腾兵 龙健 | 2006 | 土壤学报2006，43，1： | 38 |
| 2 | 江苏省畜禽粪便污染现状与防治对策显示文摘根据2000年以来江苏省畜禽饲养状况的有关资料,利用各类畜禽粪便日排泄系数估算畜禽粪便量,在此基础上计算江苏省各地畜禽粪便污染负荷量。研究发现,江苏省畜禽养殖业产生的粪便及各类污染物数量巨大,盐城市产生的粪便及各类污染物居全省首位,南通市次之;江苏省畜禽粪便污染负荷量平均为16.5t/(hm^2·a),南通市畜禽粪便污染负荷量最高,达26.7t/(hm^2·a)。全省畜禽粪便污染负荷最高的县是南通市的海安县,其次是盐城市的盐都县。最后本文分析了畜禽粪便污染环境的主要原因并提出了畜禽养殖污染防治的对策。 | 张绪美 董元华 王辉 沈旦 | 2007 | 土壤2007，39，5： | 34 |
| 3 | 西苕溪典型小流域土地利用对氮素输出的影响显示文摘在太湖地区的西苕溪流域不同地理位置选择了11个小流域,于2004年分3次野外监测氮素输出浓度.利用多年降雨径流关系估算径流量,用于计算各小流域氮素输出负荷与强度,结合2000年TM遥感影像获得的各小流域土地利用数据,综合分析了土地利用对流域氮素输出的影响.结果表明,流域土地利用结构对氮素输出具有重要影响,流域耕地面积比例与氮素输出水平呈正比,而林地比例与氮素输出水平呈反比;各小流域面积的大小与氮素输出负荷呈正相关,而小尺度流域面积对氮素输出浓度和单位面积氮素输出强度无关. | 李兆富 杨桂山 李恒鹏 | 2005 | 中国环境科学2005，25，6： | 29 |
| 4 | 畜禽养殖场污染及其治理对策的探讨显示文摘随着产业化的发展,养殖业带来的环境污染变得日趋严重。本文分析了畜禽养殖场行业污染给环境和生产带来的影响,阐述了畜禽粪便污染环境的主要原因并提出了畜禽养殖污染防治的对策。 | 布仁 王学理 | 2008 | 中国动物检疫2008，25，10： | 17 |
| 5 | Quantitative Relationship Between Land Use and Phosphorus Discharge in Subtropical Hilly Regions of China显示文摘The increase of phosphorus concentration is a crucial factor causing the eutrophication of water body,while land use has an important impact on agricultural non-point sources (NPS) phosphorus discharge. Sevensites controlling the water in four sub-watersheds and the main exit of the Meicun Watershed of XuanchengCounty, Anhui Province, were investigated by dynamic monitoring of stream water and nutrient discharge,integrating interpretation of aerial image and GIS analysis to find out how the land use affects phosphorusloss with stream water in typical agriculture-forest watershed in subtropical China. These monitored sitesare different in structure of land use. Phosphorus concentration of the stream water was analyzed everyweek and at the next day of rainfall. The velocity of flow was measured by kinemometer to calculatethe runoff flux and phosphorus discharge. The results showed that the runoff flux and the discharges ofdissolved phosphorus (DP), particle-associated phosphorus (PAP) and total phosphorus (TP) had significantexponential relationships with the area percentages of forest, pond and paddy field. There existed a significantlinear relationship between the TP and PAP concentrations in stream water and the area percentages of forest,pond and paddy field, and the discharge of PAP was also significantly linearly correlated with the dischargeof suspended soil particles. There was a logarithmic linear relationship between DP and PAP discharges. Thestudy indicated that the adjustment of land use patterns and construction of ecologically sound landscapewould be an important measure to reduce the runoff discharge of phosphorus. The results would be veryuseful in building the best management practices (BMPs) of agricultural watershed in subtropics. | YANG JINLING and ZHANG GANLINInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，1： | 16 |
| 6 | 应用土壤测试磷评估砂土中磷的可淋洗性显示文摘 | 章明奎 | 2004 | 土壤学报2004，41，6： | 10 |
| 7 | 黄土丘陵区植被恢复与流域养分环境演变研究进展显示文摘针对在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区实施的植被恢复及不同土地利用类型调整的政策,在小区和流域尺度上,就植被恢复对流域水土流失、养分流失、养分循环平衡影响方面的国内外研究概况进行了综述。指出植被恢复可减少流域水土流失和养分流失,使流域养分循环平衡能力加强、向良性循环方向发展,同时指出了在这方面需进一步研究的问题。 | 赵护兵 刘国彬 许明祥 | 2004 | 水土保持通报2004，24，2： | 9 |
| 8 | Short-Term Influence of Herbicide Quinclorac on Enzyme Activities in Flooded Paddy Soils显示文摘The influence of quinclorac (3,7-dichloroquinoline-8-carboxylic acid) on enzyme activities in flooded paddy soils was assessed under laboratory conditions. The enzymes differed markedly in their response to quinclorac. Quinclorac inhibited proteinase, hydrogen peroxidase, phosphorylase, and urease activities.The higher the concentration of quinclorac applied, the more significant the inhibition to these observed activities with a longer time required to recover to the level of the control. However, soils supplemented with quinclorac were nonpersistent for proteinase, phosphorylase and urease as opposed to soils without quinclorac. Dehydrogenase activity was also sensitive to quinclorac. Three soil samples with concentrations of quinclorac higher than 1 μg g-1 soil declined to less than 20% of that in the control. However, the highest dehydrogenase activity (up to 3.28-fold) was detected in soils with 2 μg g-1 soil quinclorac on the 25th day after treatment. Quinclorac had a relatively mild effect on saccharase activity at the concentrations used in this experiment and a stimulatory one on soil respiration when added to soil at normal field concentrations.Nonetheless it was inhibited at higher concentrations in paddy soils. Quinclorac is still relatively safe to the soil ecosystem when applied at a normal concentration (0.67 μg g-1 dried soil) but may have some effects on soil enzymes at higher concentrations. | LüZhen-Mei MINHang YEYang-Fang | 2004 | Pedosphere2004，14，1： | 8 |
| 9 | Streamflow and Soil Moisture of Agroforestry and Grass Watersheds in Hilly Area显示文摘A study was conducted in a hilly area of Sichuan Province,Southwestern China, to compare the streamflow and soil moisture in two upland watersheds with different land use patterns. One was an agroforestry watershed, which consisted mainly of trees with alder (Alnus cremastogyne Burkill) and cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) planted in belts or strips with a coverage of about 46%, and the other was a grassland primarily composed of lalang grass (Imperata cylindrica var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb.), filamentary clematis (Clematis filamentosa Dunn) and common eulaliopsis (Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubb) with a coverage of about 44%. Streamflow measurement with a hydrograph established at the watershed outlet showed that the average annual streamflow per 100 mm rainfall from 1983 to 1992 was 0.36 and 1.08 L s-1 km-2 for the agroforestry watershed and the grass watershed, respectively. This showed that the streamflow of the agroforestry watershed was reduced by 67% when compared to that of the grass watershed. The peak average monthly streamflow in the agroforestry watershed was over 5 times lower than that of the grass watershed and lagged by one month. In addition, the peak streamflow during a typical rainfall event of 38.3 mm in August 1986 was 37% lower in the agroforestry watershed than in the grass watershed. Results of the moisture contents of the soil samples from 3 slope locations (upper, middle and lower slopes) indicated that the agroforestry watershed maintained generally higher soil moisture contents than the grass watershed within 0-20 and 20-80 cm soil depths for the upper slope, especially for the period from May through July. For the other (middle and lower) slopes, soil moisture contents within 20-80 cm depth in the agroforestry watershed was generally lower than those in the grass watershed, particularly in September, revealing that water consumption by trees took place mainly below the plow layer. Therefore, agroforestry land use types might offer a complimentary model for tree-annual crop water utilization. | LIUGang-Cai TIANGuang-Long SHUDong-Cai LINSan-Yi LIUShu-Zhen | 2004 | Pedosphere2004，14，2： | 8 |
| 10 | 贵州省畜禽养殖业现状及其污染防治对策显示文摘随着贵州规模化畜禽养殖企业的快速发展,建设与之相配套的污染处理设施和环境影响评价显得极为重要。为贵州畜禽养殖业与环境的协调发展提供参考,对贵州省畜禽养殖现状、存在的污染问题进行了阐述,并从畜禽养殖业的合理布局、资源综合利用、法律法规的完善以及开发应用新技术等方面提出了畜禽养殖业污染的治理对策。 | 秦仕华 张崇玉 白家云 | 2014 | 贵州农业科学2014，42，4： | 6 |
| 11 | 雷州半岛地表水体非点源污染物时空变化特征研究显示文摘以雷州半岛为研究区,利用2000—2003年间南渡河与九洲江,以及赤坎水库与鹤地水库的4年常规监测数据,结合实地调查,利用数理统计分析,对雷州半岛地表水体非点源污染物及其时空变化规律进行了初步研究。研究发现,河流与水库的水质均是以氮污染为主,水体有富营养化现象发生,同时,两河流在雨季都不同程度受到了非点源污染的影响,而只有赤坎水库明显受到了非点源污染的影响。究其原因,主要是由于土地利用方式的不同在一定程度上决定了雷州半岛地表水体非点源污染物质量浓度的时空变化特征。因此,只有合理调整流域和库区的土地利用方式、加强区域的水土流失治理工作,才能有效降低非点源污染所带来的地表水体环境污染问题。 | 许炼烽 林尹 仓恒瑾 杨惠宁 徐斌 | 2005 | 生态环境2005，14，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Fate of Urea Applied to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on a Sloping Udic Ferrosol in Subtropical China显示文摘A field experiment was conducted to study the outcome of N using isotope-labeled urea with a peanut cropping system in a Udic Ferrosol on a 7% slope at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The micro-plots were designed in two sets with three replicates and four N treatments. An iron frame with its edge 10 cm above the ground was used to control soil erosion and runoff in set A, but in set B the upper edge of the frame was level with the ground. Randomly positioned 15N fertilized micro-plots were established along the contour. At harvest on August 13, 2002, which was four months after urea application, the peanuts had absorbed 30.6%-38.0% of the urea, transpired 13.1%-22.4% to the atmosphere, lost 6.4%-8.4% through soil erosion and surface runoff, and maintained 40.7%-48.9% in the 0-60 cm soil layer with 0.5%-5.0% below 60 cm. | WANGXing-Xiang SUNBo ZHANGTao-Lin HEYuan-Qiu | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，2： | 2 |
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