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| 1 | Enhancement of methane yield from cotton stalks by mechanical pre-treatment显示文摘Cotton stalks(CS)are lignocellulosic agricultural by-products,a potential source for biogas production,but pretreatment must be considered since hydrolysis is the rate-limiting stage for lignocellulosic biomass substrates.This study investigates the feasibility of mechanical pretreatment of CS to enhance methane production.Batch anaerobic digestion of CS samples with particle sizes ranging from 0.5 to 65 mm was carried out in 1 L eudiometer batch digesters for 48 days at 37◦C.Results showed that methane yield was inversely proportional to particle size,and the quality of biogas was good(54.0-55.2%CH_(4)).Significant increases in methane yield were observed with 20.3%and 26%for samples with a particle size of 3 mm and 0.5 mm,respectively,compared to untreated CS.The coefficient of anaerobic energy turnover was relatively low(20.2-25.5%).Reduction of the CS particle size to 3 mm or less is recommended to achieve effective methane conversion and decrease the retention time in an anaerobic digester from 31 to about 25 days.However,to offset the high energy demand required for grinding,further research should be conducted in combining size reduction with chemical and physicochemical pretreatment. | Rafat Al Afif Christoph Pfeifer | 2021 | Carbon Resources Conversion2021,4,1: | 1 |
| 2 | Carbon aerogels prepared by autocondensation of flavonoid tannin显示文摘The first carbon aerogels prepared by autocondensation of condensed(flavonoid)tannin,a cheap renewable resource extracted from Mimosa barks,are presented.Mixing aqueous solutions of tannin and sodium silicate indeed produced the very fast gelation of tannins,thus leading to organic hydrogels which were first converted into organic aerogels by supercritical drying,and then into carbon aerogels after pyrolysis at 900℃.Subsequent dissolution of the silica nanoparticles thus formed within the carbon structure further increased significantly the porosity of the materials.Silica thus appeared to be both the gelation catalyst and a pore-directing agent.In this work,the influence on the porosity of the silica/tannin ratio and of the nature of the etching agent used for removing the silica was thoroughly investigated by combining several techniques.The conditions for producing either the most porous materials or those with the highest surface areas were identified and discussed. | A.Szczurek V.Fierro G.Medjahdi A.Celzard | 2019 | Carbon Resources Conversion2019,2,1: | 1 |
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