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| 1 | 植保无人飞机施用农药应用研究进展及管理现状显示文摘植保无人飞机是现代植保施药机械,具有作业效率高、精准、节水省药、灵活机动和对施药人员安全等特点,然而,与传统施药方式不同,其用水量少,喷施农药浓度高,喷雾易飘移,存在潜在的应用风险。目前关于植保无人飞机施药应用研究主要集中在雾滴沉积分布、飘移影响因素和防治效果评价等领域,有关其在膳食风险、环境风险和职业暴露健康风险评估等方面研究较少,且药剂登记和管理标准法规等相对滞后。为全面了解植保无人飞机施药应用以及管理现状,本文综述了植保无人飞机施药应用、风险研究及国际航空植保农药登记管理情况,总结了我国在该领域发展潜力和管理建议,以期为我国植保无人飞机安全施用农药和登记科学管理提供参考。 | 安小康 李富根 闫晓静 徐军 罗媛媛 黄修柱 董丰收 | 2023 | 农药学学报2023，25，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Distribution regularity of downwash airflow under rotors of agricultural UAV for plant protection显示文摘In the plant protection spray operation of UAVs,the process of droplet from formation to sedimentation target is affected by airflow,easy to form uneven deposition.Accurately description of rotor downwash flow field,clarification of velocity vector distribution at different heights of the UAV rotor flow field,simulation of the flow field with high precision,which are the prerequisites for accurately analyzing the droplet deposition distribution in rotor downwash flow field.Based on CFD method,the detail of rotor flow field was numerically calculated.Taking LTH-100 single-rotor agricultural UAV as the research object,the three-dimensional solid model of UAV was established,the Reynolds average N-S equation was used as the control equation and the RNGκ-εas the turbulence model to simulate the flow field of UAV in hover and lateral wind conditions,the wind velocity distribution at different altitudes of rotor downwash flow field was studied.The simulation results of the hover state showed that:In the flow field,the peak velocity appears in a circular distribution below the distal axis of the rotor.With the decrease of height,the peak velocity distribution area showed a tendency to expand gradually after small shrinkage;When the distance from the rotor was not more than 1.5 m,the downwash flow field presented an axisymmetric distribution based on the rotor axis,and the variation rate of velocity in the peak velocity was basically the same,turbulence in downwash flow field made the flow field more complex when the distance from rotor was larger than 2.0 m.On this basis,the optimal flight altitude of UAV is 1.5 m.Wind velocity test of the flow field was carried out on a rotor test bench,wind velocities at four altitudes of 0.5 m,1.0 m,1.5 m and 2.0 m were measured to verify the coincidence between the simulated and measured values.The test results showed that:the relative error between the measured and simulated values at four measurement heights were between 0.382-0.524,and the overall average relative errors was 0.430,which verified the confidence level of simulated values for measured values.When the lateral wind velocity was 3 m/s,4 m/s and 5 m/s,the simulation results showed that:The distribution trend of airflow velocity at the same altitude in lateral-wind flow field with different wind speeds was similar;When the lateral wind speed was 5 m/s,the coupling field formed by the lateral wind and rotor airflow cannot reach the height of 2 m below the rotor.The results of this study can provide more accurate environmental conditions for theoretical analysis of droplet deposition regularity in the flow field,and also provide methodological guidance for the related research on rotor flow field of multi-rotor UAV. | Xin Liu Wei Zhang Haiba Fu Xiaoming Fu Liqiang Qi | 2021 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2021，14，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Development of unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower for Y-trellis pear orchard显示文摘To solve the problem of weeding under Y-trellis pear orchards,a unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower(UOAM)was developed in this study.The mower is composed of an obstacle-avoiding disc mechanism,a hydraulic profiling mechanism,and a cutting disc mechanism.The diameter of the obstacle-avoiding disc was 0.7 m,which could swing around the trunk or ground pile actuated by the spring mechanism.The piston movement of the hydraulic cylinder controls the working position of the obstacle-avoiding disc.The maximum extension distance of the hydraulic profiling arm was 1 m.Based on the national standards and actual situation of orchards,the optimum parameters were determined with a combination of advancing speed of 0.44 m/s,rotation speed of the cutting disc at 2000 r/min,blade number of 2,and cutting edge length of 0.2 m.Finally,the design parameters were verified by the mathematical model of the blade cutting edge trajectory and multi-body dynamics simulation.Taking stubble cutting stability,leakage rate,working efficiency and costs as the test indexes,field performance comparison tests were carried out on the three operation modes of UOAM mowing,shoulder carrying mower(SCM)mowing and manual weeding.Test results showed that the coefficient variation of stubble cutting height of UOAM was the smallest,showing that the working stability of UOAM was better than the other two treatments.The leakage rate of UOAM was 2.42%,and its coefficient variation was lower than that of SCM.The working efficiency of UOAM was much higher than that of SCM and manual weeding,which was 4.44 times of SCM and 20 times of manual weeding.The profitable area of UOAM was 7.02 hm^(2),showing that it was suitable for large-scale mechanized Y-trellis pear orchards. | Xiaohui Lei Yannan Qi Jin Zeng Quanchun Yuan Youhong Chang Xiaolan Lyu | 2022 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2022，15，1： | 0 |
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