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| 1 | Approaches being used in the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China:a review显示文摘Schistosomiasis japonica,caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum,remains a major public health problem in China,although great success has been achieved.The control efforts during the past half-decade,notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S.japonicum infection across the country since 2004,has greatly reduced S.japonicum in humans,livestock,and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails,and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015.A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015,with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country.During the last two decades,a variety of approaches,which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed,in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite.These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities,and facilitated,at least in part,the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs.Here,we present an approach to control the source of S.japonicum infection,three new tools for snail control,three approaches for detecting and monitoring S.japonicum infection,and a novel model for health education.These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China. | Le-Ping Sun Wei Wang Qing-Biao Hong Shi-Zhu Li You-Sheng Liang Hai-Tao Yang Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 13 |
| 2 | Elimination of schistosomiasis:the tools required显示文摘Background:Historically,the target in the schistosomiasis control has shifted from infection to morbidity,then back to infection,but now as a public health problem,before moving on to transmission control.Currently,all endemic countries are encouraged to increase control efforts and move towards elimination as required by the World Health Organization(WHO)roadmap for the global control of the neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)and the WHA65.21 resolution issued by the World Health Assembly.However,schistosomiasis prevalence is still alarmingly high and the global number of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)due to this infection has in fact increased due to inclusion of some‘subtle’clinical symptoms not previously counted.Main body:There is a need to restart and improve efforts to reach the elimination goal.To that end,the first conference of the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance(GSA)Research Working Group was held in mid-June 2016 in Shanghai,People’s Republic of China.It reviewed current progress in schistosomiasis control and elimination,identified pressing operational research gaps that need to be addressed and discussed new tools and strategies required to make elimination a reality.The articles emanating from the lectures and discussions during this meeting,together with some additional invited papers,have been collected as a special issue of the‘Infectious Diseases of Poverty’entitled‘Schistosomiasis Research:Providing the Tools Needed for Elimination’,consisting of 26 papers in all.This paper refers to these papers and discusses critical questions arising at the conference related to elimination of schistosomiasis.Conclusion:The currently most burning questions are the following:Can schistosomiasis be eliminated?Does it require better,more highly sensitive diagnostics?What is the role of preventive chemotherapy at the elimination stage?Is praziquantel sufficient or do we need new drugs?Contemplating these questions,it is felt that the heterogeneity of the endemic areas in the world requires WHO policies to be upgraded instituting new,differentiated guidelines. | Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou David Rollinson Jutta Reinhard-Rupp Katharina Klohe | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 1 |
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