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| 1 | 甲烷代谢古菌分离培养研究进展显示文摘全球变暖是全人类面临的一个巨大挑战,而温室气体排放持续上升是全球变暖的关键因素,并引发一系列生态环境问题。甲烷是第二温室气体,对全球变暖的贡献达20%。然而,在甲烷代谢中发挥重要作用的产甲烷古菌和厌氧甲烷氧化古菌(anaerobic methanotroph,ANME)较难培养,极大地限制了人们对甲烷代谢及其影响碳源-汇关系与机制的研究。本文综述了最新产甲烷古菌和ANME富集、分离和培养方法,包括富集培养、原位培养、共培养、微流控技术、稀释分离和固体分离技术、ANME反应器和培养瓶富集培养,以及宏基因组预测和反向基因组学,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了评估,对未来甲烷代谢古菌的富集、分离和培养提出新的建议。 | 丁吉娟 刘飞 顾航 于晓莉 贺志理 | 2022 | 微生物学通报2022，49，6： | 0 |
| 2 | Cultivation of uncultured marine microorganisms显示文摘Microorganisms(both pro-and eukaryotes)occur in all marine environments with an estimated abundance of 10^(3)–10^(10)cells/cm^(3)in sediments and 10^(4)–10^(7)cells/ml in seawater;in these habitats they play key roles in marine biogeochemical cycles(Overmann and Lepleux 2016).Surveys employing molecular marker-based high-throughput sequencing and sophisticated metagenomic approaches have revealed the vast diversity of microorganisms in marine environments and have substantially expanded the tree of life(Castelle and Banfield 2018;Hug et al.2016;Nayfach et al.2020).However,many of the novel lineages have no cultured representatives.In fact,most(>99%)of the marine microorganisms have not been cultured under laboratory conditions(Hofer 2018;Jiao et al.2020)and are seen as“microbial dark matter”(Lok 2015).Although culture-independent approaches have enabled elucidation of the marine microbial assemblies and their metabolic potentials,pure cultures remain needed for microbiological studies.For example,pure cultures are critical for an understanding of the morphology,ecophysiology,and biochemistry of these organisms,which are key to recognizing their functions in complex environmental processes.Likewise,cultures are needed for discovering new bioactive substances,such as anti-tumor bioactive substances,new antibiotics and other secondary metabolites(Ding et al.2020). | Fengping Wang Meng Li Li Huang Xiao-Hua Zhang | 2021 | Marine Life Science & Technology2021，3，2： | 0 |
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