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| 1 | Developmental Origins of Human Cortical Oligodendrocytes and Astrocytes显示文摘Human cortical radial glial cells are primary neural stem cells that give rise to cortical glutaminergic projection pyramidal neurons, glial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) and olfactory bulb GABAergic interneurons. One of prominent features of the human cortex is enriched with glial cells, but there are major gaps in understanding how these glial cells are generated. Herein, by integrating analysis of published human cortical single-cell RNA-Seq datasets with our immunohistochemistical analyses, we show that around gestational week 18, EGFR-expressing human cortical truncated radial glial cells (tRGs) give rise to basal multipotent intermediate progenitors (bMIPCs) that express EGFR, ASCL1, OLIG2 and OLIG1. These bMIPCs undergo several rounds of mitosis and generate cortical oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and olfactory bulb interneurons. We also characterized molecular features of the cortical tRG. Integration of our findings suggests a general picture of the lineage progression of cortical radial glial cells, a fundamental process of the developing human cerebral cortex. | Lin Yang Zhenmeiyu Li Guoping Liu Xiaosu Li Zhengang Yang | 2022 | Neuroscience Bulletin2022，38，1： | 3 |
| 2 | 七氟烷抑制新生小鼠前额叶皮质神经祖细胞向神经元分化发育显示文摘目的·基于单细胞转录组测序(single-cell RNA sequencing,scRNA-seq)探究单次和重复七氟烷麻醉对新生小鼠前额叶皮层(prefrontal cortex,PFC)神经元发育的损伤机制。方法·将新生小鼠分为重复麻醉暴露(Sev3)组、单次麻醉暴露(Sev1)组和对照组,每组3只。Sev3组于出生后第6、第7、第8日接受3%七氟烷和60%氧气的麻醉,Sev1组仅在出生后第6日接受麻醉,出生后第9日获取3组小鼠的PFC进行scRNA-seq。通过UMAP(uniform manifold approximation and projection)聚类、RNA速度分析、转录因子分析(SCENIC)获得七氟烷麻醉后新生小鼠PFC细胞图谱和神经元细分亚群图谱,并进行差异表达基因分析;通过基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库分析研究差异基因富集的生物学过程和通路;利用QuSAGE分析描述细胞周期及Hippo信号通路基因集的激活情况。通过CytoTRACE评分判断七氟烷麻醉后新生小鼠PFC神经元谱系细胞转录本丰富度和干性;利用拟时序分析(pseudo-time analysis)确定神经元分化轨迹,通过分支表达分析模型(BEAM)对发育节点进行解析,以确定决定细胞不同命运的关键基因。结果·3组新生小鼠PFC经scRNA-seq共获得40061个细胞,10种细胞类型。单次七氟烷麻醉后PFC细胞下调的基因富集在细胞分化、前脑神经元分化、去甲肾上腺素能神经元分化和大脑皮层γ-氨基丁酸能中间神经元分化。重复七氟烷麻醉后下调基因富集在细胞分化的正向调节。单次七氟烷麻醉后下调的差异基因富集的KEGG通路有转化生长因子β信号通路。重复七氟烷麻醉后下调的差异基因富集的KEGG通路有Notch信号通路。SCENIC显示,早期生长反应因子1(early growth response 1,Egr1)、SRY-box转录因子7(SRY-box transcription factor 7,Sox7)在单次和重复七氟烷麻醉后均上调(均P<0.01),HES家族bHLH转录因子6(HES family bHLH transcription factor 6,Hes6)、NKX同源框-1基因(NK2 homeobox 1,Nkx2-1)仅在单次七氟烷麻醉后下调(均P<0.01)。七氟烷麻醉后放射状胶质细胞和神经元与细胞周期相关的基因集激活度增加,并且重复麻醉暴露后激活度增加更明显。重复七氟烷麻醉后神经元与Hippo信号通路相关的基因集由抑制变为激活。将8224个神经元单独进行亚群分析获得8种神经元谱系细胞,CytoTRACE评分表明七氟烷麻醉后神经元干性增加,神经元发育迟滞。PFC神经元经拟时序分析区分为3个发育阶段,重复七氟烷麻醉使PFC神经元分化拟时间后退(P=0.000)。单次七氟烷麻醉暴露后新生小鼠PFC神经元下调的基因富集在细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性的调节、有丝分裂细胞周期相变、细胞分化、长期记忆、有丝分裂细胞周期G1/S转换。重复七氟烷麻醉暴露后PFC神经元下调基因富集在细胞群增殖的负向调控、细胞分化的正向调节、前脑神经元的分化、典型Wnt信号通路的正向调控和细胞分化。结论·单次和重复七氟烷麻醉均促进新生小鼠PFC神经祖细胞增殖和神经元迁移,重复七氟烷麻醉抑制PFC的神经祖细胞向神经元分化,其潜在机制可能与细胞周期转换有关。 | 刘思雨 张磊 | 2023 | 上海交通大学学报(医学版)2023，43，9： | 0 |
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