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| 1 | 西藏芒康晚始新世高山栎组化石的发现及其生物地理学意义显示文摘壳斗科栎属高山栎组植物(Quercus section Heterobalanus (?erst.) Menitsky)组成的硬叶常绿阔叶林,是横断山地区生态系统中的重要森林类型,其分布格局与青藏高原的形成和演变密切相关.此前,高山栎组植物的最早化石记录产自西藏南部南木林县的中中新统嘎扎村组,而我们最近在青藏高原东南缘芒康盆地的上始新统拉屋拉组发现的高山栎组叶片化石,表明该组植物的起源时间至少比之前认识的提前了近20Myr.通过几何形态测量法,结合该组植物在青藏高原及横断山地区的分布区扩张和群落中生态位的转变,推测高山栎组植物叶片至少在晚始新世时已出现适应局部区域特殊的高寒干旱生境的特征;之后随着高原隆升和新生代后期的全球降温,逐步寒化旱化的生境使其叶片的较强适应性得以发挥,并通过稳定选择表现出叶片形态演化迟滞.此外,综合已有的化石记录和高原形成过程的最新研究进展,推测高山栎组植物在不晚于晚始新世起源于现今的青藏高原东南缘的亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林,部分类群沿冈底斯山脉和之后形成的喜马拉雅山脉向西扩散;其余类群向东和东南方向扩散,并在横断山地区的群落中成为优势类群.这种扩散路线与之前认为的高山栎组'北上路线'相反,也进一步验证了冬青栎组植物(Quercus section Ilex Loudon)的东亚起源假说. | 陈琳琳 邓炜煜东 苏涛 李树峰 周浙昆 | 2021 | 中国科学:地球科学2021，51，12： | 2 |
| 2 | Late Eocene sclerophyllous oak from Markam Basin, Tibet, and its biogeographic implications显示文摘Sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forests,mainly made up of sclerophyllous oak,Quercus section Heterobalanus(Øerst.)Menitsky,Fagaceae,represent the most typical forest type in the Hengduan Mountains.Their distribution pattern is closely related to the growth and formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP).The oldest fossil record of Quercus sect.Heterobalanus so far discovered is from the middle Miocene of the Gazhacun Formation in Namling County,southern Tibet.However,our recent discovery of leaf fossils from the upper Eocene of Lawula Formation in Markam Basin,southeastern Tibet,illustrates that their origin is nearly 20 Myr older than previously assumed.By integrating the results from geometric morphometrics,geographical range expansion,and ecological niche shifts of this section in what is now the QTP and the Hengduan Mountains,we infer that the leaves of Quercus sect.Heterobalanus were already adapted to cool and dry conditions in some local regions no later than in the late Eocene.Then,with the growth of the QTP and late Cenozoic global cooling,the expansion of cooler and drier habitats benefited the spread and development of this section and their leaves exhibited morphological stasis through stabilizing selection.Based on published fossil records and recent discoveries,we argue that Quercus sect.Heterobalanus appeared in the subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests of the southeastern margin of what is now the QTP no later than in the late Eocene.Some taxa spread westwards along the Gangdese Mountains and later the Himalaya,and others spread eastwards and southeastwards,gradually becoming a dominant group of species in the Hengduan Mountains.This dispersal route is contrary to the previous“northwards hypothesis”of this section,and further supports the hypothesis of an East Asian origin for Quercus section Ilex Loudon. | Linlin CHEN Weiyudong DENG Tao SU Shufeng LI Zhekun ZHOU | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，11： | 0 |
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