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| 1 | 2020年度中国玉米生物学研究进展显示文摘2020年我国玉米生物学研究继续保持高速发展态势,创新研究成果不断涌现,我国玉米研究团队在国际顶尖学术期刊发表的文章数量稳步提升。在89个SCI或SCIE期刊上发表玉米生物学研究论文369篇,相对于2019年的366篇略有增加,其中,5年平均影响因子超过5.0的高水平论文有86篇,比2019年的83篇增加了3篇,论文质量稳步提升。369篇论文的研究内容涉及玉米基因组学、玉米株型相关性状遗传调控、玉米子粒发育遗传调控、玉米雌穗和雄穗穗性状遗传调控、玉米抗生物和非生物胁迫遗传调控、玉米养分利用遗传调控和玉米育种技术研究等。本文概括性地综述2020年我国科学家在玉米生物学研究领域取得的代表性研究成果。 | 宋伟彬 赵海铭 赖锦盛 | 2021 | 玉米科学2021，29，5： | 3 |
| 2 | 苦荞转录因子基因FtNAC16的克隆、亚细胞定位及表达分析显示文摘NAC(petunia NAM and Arabidopsis thaliana ATAF1,ATAF2,and CUC2)转录因子在植物次生壁加厚过程中具有重要调控作用。为探究苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum)中NAC转录因子在果壳次生壁形成中的功能和分子机制,本研究采用逆转录PCR(reverse transcription,RT-PCR)技术从苦荞中克隆到1个参与调控苦荞果壳细胞次生壁合成的NAC转录因子基因,命名为FtNAC16。对FtNAC16进行生物信息学、亚细胞定位及基因表达等分析,结果表明,FtNAC16(GenBank No.OR723785)全长CDS序列为1086 bp,编码361个氨基酸。对FtNAC16进行蛋白多序列比对和系统进化树分析,结果表明,FtNAC16是NAC转录因子家族成员,且与拟南芥(A.thaliana)中调控次生壁加厚的AtNST2(NAC secondary wall thickening)亲缘关系最近。亚细胞定位显示,FtNAC16定位于细胞核。基因表达分析表明,FtNAC16主要在根、茎、花和早期发育的籽粒中高表达。此外,在厚壳苦荞和薄壳苦荞不同发育时期籽粒中的表达分析表明,FtNAC16在厚壳苦荞和薄壳苦荞中具有相似的表达模式,即其表达呈先增后减趋势,且在授粉后7 d籽粒中表达量最高,在籽粒发育早期,FtNAC16在厚壳苦荞中的表达量显著高于薄壳苦荞。进一步表达分析显示,次生壁形成的下游调控基因FtMYB103与纤维素合成酶4(cellulose synthase 4,FtCESA4)和FtCESA8在厚壳苦荞和薄壳苦荞不同发育时期籽粒中的表达与FtNAC16高度正相关。推测FtNAC16可能通过正向调控苦荞次生壁生物合成相关的基因表达,进一步调控苦荞发育过程中不同组织部位尤其是苦荞果壳细胞次生壁的生物合成。本研究为培育高产、优质、适应性强的薄壳苦荞新品种提供优异的基因资源和理论依据。 | 柯瑾 陈庆富 李洪有 | 2024 | 农业生物技术学报2024，32，1： | 0 |
| 3 | Identification of genes involved in the formation of soluble dietary fiber in winter rye grain and their expression in cultivars with different viscosities of wholemeal water extract显示文摘The grain of rye(Secale cereale L.) used for baking contains a large amount of non-starch polysaccharides,making it an excellent component of functional foods. But rye grain intended for alcohol production and forage use should have a reduced content of these polysaccharides. A comprehensive parameter that can predict the best field of application for winter rye grain is the viscosity of its wholemeal water extract.However, our understanding of the genetic background underlying this key trait and associated features of rye grain is poor. By analyzing six Russian winter rye cultivars, we identified the most contrasting forms and characterized the peculiarities of their water-soluble carbohydrates capable of influencing the viscosity of water extracts. Then, using phylogenetic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified in the rye genome many genes encoding putative glycosyltransferases and glycosylhydrolases responsible for the synthesis and degradation of arabinoxylans, mixed-linkage glucans, cellulose, and some other polysaccharides. We determined the dynamics of m RNA abundance for these genes at three stages of kernel development. Comparisons of gene expression levels in two contrasting cultivars revealed specific members of multigene families that may serve as promising targets for manipulating non-starch polysaccharide content in rye grain. High-viscosity cultivars were characterized by up-regulation of many glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of arabinoxylans and other cell-wall polysaccharides,whereas low-viscosity cultivars showed up-regulation of several genes encoding polysaccharidedegrading enzymes. | Liudmila V.Kozlova Alsu R.Nazipova Oleg V.Gorshkov Liliya F.Gilmullina Olga V.Sautkina Natalia V.Petrova Oksana I.Trofimova Sergey N.Ponomarev Mira L Ponomareva Tatyana A.Gorshkova | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，2： | 0 |
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