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| 1 | 秸秆还田环境效应研究进展显示文摘秸秆还田是重要的秸秆资源化利用途径,可以补充土壤有机质和养分,提高土壤肥力,但也会对农田氮磷流失、氨挥发、温室气体排放等产生影响,进而影响水和大气环境。综合分析了秸秆还田对农田氮磷流失、氨挥发、温室气体排放的影响,以期为秸秆科学还田提供指导。 | 程子珍 范先鹏 余延丰 吴茂前 熊桂云 张富林 刘冬碧 夏颖 张志毅 | 2021 | 湖北农业科学2021，60，23： | 3 |
| 2 | 蒜田氨挥发特征及其影响因素显示文摘【目的】阐明蒜田氨挥发特征以及环境条件和栽培措施对氨挥发的影响,为大蒜种植的优化施肥提供科学依据。【方法】在长期种植大蒜的试验田中采用原位通气法测定蒜田氨挥发速率,同步测定田间大气和土壤条件,并设置不同施肥量、秸秆处理和不同氮肥类型3因素试验,探究蒜田氨挥发影响因素。【结果】①蒜田氨挥发主要发生在施肥后的1周之内,氨挥发速率呈现先增后降的变化规律,氨挥发总量占施氮量的9.2%,基肥的氨挥发速率最高。②蒜田氨挥发速率与气温、光强、土壤的温度和铵离子浓度显著正相关。③蒜田氨挥发速率与挥发量随施氮量的增加均显著增加;不同类型氮肥相比,碳铵与尿素的氨挥发量极显著高于复合肥,且随氮肥用量的增加差异倍增。④施肥后进行秸秆覆盖可降低氨挥发量,且在低施氮量条件下效果更明显。【结论】氮肥施用量大是蒜田氨挥发量较高的主要原因,减少氮肥施用量,施肥后进行秸秆覆盖,用复合肥等氨挥发风险较低的氮肥代替碳铵和尿素,是降低蒜田氨挥发损失的有效措施。 | 陈艳秋 陈洁 胡智涛 张一帆 严奉君 任万军 周伟 | 2022 | 四川农业大学学报2022，40，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Apparent variations in nitrogen runoff and its uptake in paddy rice under straw incorporation显示文摘Straw incorporation is a widespread practice to promote agricultural sustainability.However,the potential effects of straw incorporation with the prolonged time on nitrogen(N)runoff loss from paddy fields are not well studied.The current study addresses the knowledge gap by assessing the effects of straw incorporation on the processes influencing N runoff patterns and its impacts on crop yield,N uptake,total N(TN),and soil organic matter(SOM).We conducted field experiments with rice(Oryza sativa L.)–wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)rotation,rice–tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)rotation,and double-rice cropping in subtropical China from 2008 to 2012.Each rotation had three N treatments:zero N fertilization(CK),chemical N fertilization(CF),and chemical N fertilization combined with straw incorporation(CFS).The treatment effects were assessed on TN runoff loss,crop yield,N uptake,soil TN stock,and SOM.Results showed that TN runoff was reduced by substituting part of the chemical N fertilizer with straw N in the double rice rotation,while crop N uptake was significantly(P<0.05)decreased due to the lower bioavailability of straw N.In contrast,in both rice–wheat and rice–tobacco rotations,TN runoff in CFS was increased by 0.9–20.2%in the short term when straw N was applied in addition to chemical N,compared to CF.However,TN runoff was reduced by 2.3–19.3%after three years of straw incorporation,suggesting the long-term benefits of straw incorporation on TN loss reduction.Meanwhile,crop N uptake was increased by 0.8–37.3%in the CFS of both rotations.This study demonstrates the challenges in reducing N runoff loss while improving soil fertility by straw incorporation over the short term but highlights the potential of long-term straw incorporation to reduce N loss and improve soil productivity. | Muhammad Amjad BASHIR ZHAI Li-mei WANG Hong-yuan LIU Jian Qurat-Ul-Ain RAZA GENG Yu-cong Abdur REHIM LIU Hong-bin | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，11： | 0 |
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