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| 1 | Detailed mapping of the surface rupture of the 12 February 2014 Yutian M_s7.3 earthquake,Altyn Tagh fault,Xinjiang,China显示文摘Large-scale detailed mapping plays a key role in revealing the rupture characteristics and mechanisms of strong earthquakes.Relatively few studies have been performed on the surface ruptures of large earthquakes in central and western Tibet due to its remote nature and high elevation.Based on high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photography,we mapped the coseismic surface rupture of the 2014 Yutian M_s7.3 earthquake.Along the western Altyn Tagh fault system,the earthquake produced~37 km of surface rupture along the South Xor Kol fault(southern section S1),Xor Kol fault(central section S2)and Ashikule fault(northern section S3).Section S1 has a 16-km-long surface rupture with an average sinistral offset of 52±25 cm and a maximum offset of~90 cm,while section S3 has a 14.2-km-long surface rupture with an average sinistral offset of 36±21 cm and a maximum offset of~84 cm.A compilation of 5308 cracks yields an average crack width along the southern section of 85±71 cm and a maximum width of~700 cm;the average width along the central section is 39±21 cm,and the maximum width is 243 cm;and the average width along the northern section is 61±44 cm with a maximum of~340 cm.In addition,the average cumulative opening across rupture zone is 3.4±2.9 m along the southern section,with a maximum of~17 m;4.3±3.6 m along the central section,with a maximum of~13 m;and 1.7±1.6 m along the northern section,with a maximum of~6 m.Evidently,the average crack width and cumulative opening decrease towards bends and steps along the fault.A global synthesis of surface rupture distributions corresponding to strike-slip earthquakes indicates that the rupture zone is wider near the complex parts of fault geometries(such as bends,steps and fault bifurcations)than along straight sections,suggesting that the fault geometry has an obvious control on the surface rupture width.The widespread cracks at the intersection between the Xor Kol and South Xor Kol faults may indicate that an extensional regime is more likely to produce distributed offfault deformation,which provides an observational constraint for the numerical simulation of dynamic rupture on a fault.In addition to coseismic surface rupture,the Yutian earthquake also produced a large number of gravity-driven slides on alluvial fans with gentle slopes.The friction efficiency of the water-bearing salt layer beneath fans could decrease the sliding threshold and trigger instability under surface shaking.These distributed deformations and gravity-driven slides reflect the coupling between the rupture propagation and fault geometry and indicate that the rupture may have propagated in two directions along the Ashikule fault after passing through a step.Therefore,the investigation of coseismic surface rupture provides important observational constraints on the dynamic rupture process. | Zhaode YUAN Jing LIU-ZENG Xue LI Jing XU Wenqian YAO Longfei HAN Tao LI | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，1： | 3 |
| 2 | 北阿尔金断裂晚第四纪活动构造特征显示文摘位于青藏高原和塔里木盆地之间的北阿尔金断裂是青藏高原向N扩展的重要边界条件,目前对其新生代以来的运动学特征还存在较大争议。文中利用DEM数据提取了穿过北阿尔金断裂的18条河流及相关汇水盆地的地貌信息,分析了河流平、纵剖面的形态、标准化河流长度坡度指数(SLK)、标准化河流陡峭指数(K_(sn))以及汇水盆地面积-高程曲线和积分(HI)等多个构造地貌指标参数,以研究北阿尔金断裂晚第四纪以来的活动性和活动方式。结果表明,北阿尔金断裂西段的河流纵剖面和汇水盆地面积-高程曲线呈上凹型,河流纵剖面上发育较多小规模的裂点,SLK、K_(sn)和HI值相对较低。与之相反,其东段的河流纵剖面大都呈上凸型和平直型,在北阿尔金断裂上盘发育较大规模的河流裂点,对应较高的SLK和K_(sn)值;面积-高程曲线形态以S型和上凸型为主,HI值也相对较大。上述地貌指标反映北阿尔金断裂东段的地貌活动性较西段更强,推测为东段正好位于南阿尔金断裂阿克图受阻双弯曲北侧,受其强烈侧向挤压所致。此外,河流穿过北阿尔金断裂没有发生系统的左旋位错,新发现的一条错断晚第四纪冲积扇的前锋断裂也呈现出典型的逆冲特征,表明北阿尔金断裂在晚第四纪以来以逆冲运动为主。结合前人的研究结果推测,北阿尔金断裂在晚新生代存在从走滑向逆冲的构造转换,且与南阿尔金断裂之间存在密切的相互作用。 | 叶雨晖 吴磊 王依平 楼谦谦 陈力琦 高石宝 林秀斌 程晓敢 陈汉林 | 2022 | 地震地质2022，44，2： | 1 |
| 3 | 古地震事件震级或强度大小限定的讨论显示文摘震级是表征地震能量大小的重要参数,但在古地震研究中,由于难以精确给定与地震矩紧密相关的破裂参数,故而无法直接计算事件的震级大小。研究者通常假定事件序列为震级相似的特征地震,或基于震级已知的历史地震地表破裂参数获取经验关系来进行震级估算。但已有研究表明特征地震的假设过于简化,而利用经验关系估算震级的方法也受限于各种误差,因此亟需探索新方法以提升古地震事件震级或规模大小评估的合理性。近年来,三维组合探槽的成功应用表明探槽内蕴含着丰富的事件变形信息,进而证实了在探槽内评估事件规模大小的可行性。基于此,文章以阿尔金断裂铜矿探槽为例,利用探槽揭示的事件变形强度,包括垂向位移量、变形带宽度和裂缝总拉张量,来评估事件序列的规模。数据分析结果表明,事件变形强度参数与震级相对大小具有一定的正相关性,且各参数之间也呈现部分相关性。因此,探槽中事件变形强度信息可以判断事件震级的相对大小,充分挖掘探槽内的事件变形信息可为合理评估古地震事件的震级提供借鉴和参考,在古地震研究中应加以重视。 | 高云鹏 刘静 韩龙飞 邵延秀 姚文倩 徐晶 胡贵明 王子君 屈孜屹 徐恩民 | 2023 | 地质力学学报2023，29，5： | 0 |
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