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| 1 | Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming显示文摘With more than 300 species,the Magnoliaceae family represents a major Magnolid lineage that is disjunctly distibuted in Asia and the New World,.The classifcation of Magnolia s.L.has been highly controversial among taxonomists,varying from one genus with several subgenera,sections,and subsections to several(up to 16)genera.We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Magnoliaceae on the basis of sequences of the complete chloroplast genomes with a broad jaxon sampling of 86 species.The phylogenetic analyses strongly support 15 major clades within Magnolia si.due to the non-monophyly of subgen.Mgnolia,the previous subgeneric treatment that recognizes three subgenera,is not supported.Based on the phylogenetic,morphological,and geographic evidence,we recognize two subfamilies in Magollaceae:Liriodendroideae and Magnolioideae,each with one genus,Liriodendron and Magnolla,respectively.Magnolla Is herein lassfed into 15 sections:sects.Mognolia,Manglietia,Micheila,willimia,Gynopodium,Kmerla,Maingola,Oyama,Rytidospermum,Splendentes,Talouma,Tulparla,Macophylla,Tllpastrum,and Yulanla. | Yu-Bing Wang Bin-Bin Liu Ze-Long Nie Hong-Feng Chen Fa-Ju Chen Richard B.Figlar Jun Wen | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Phylogenomics,biogeography,and evolution of morphology and ecological niche of the eastern Asian-eastern North American Nyssa(Nyssaceae)显示文摘Nyssa(Nyssaceae,Cornales)represents a classical example of the well-known eastern Asian-eastern North American floristic disjunction.The genus consists of three species in eastern Asia,four species in eastern North America,and one species in Central America.Species of the genus are ecologically important trees in eastern North American and eastern Asian forests.The distribution of living species and a rich fossil record of the genus make it an excellent model for understanding the origin and evolution of the eastern Asian-eastern North American floristic disjunction.However,despite the small number of species,relationships within the genus have remained unclear and have not been elucidated using a molecular approach.Here,we integrate data from 48 nuclear genes,fossils,morphology,and ecological niche to resolve species relationships,elucidate its biogeographical history,and investigate the evolution of morphology and ecological niches,aiming at a better understanding of the well-known EA-ENA floristic disjunction.Results showed that the Central American(CAM)Nyssa talamancana was sister to the remaining species,which were divided among three,rapidly diversified subclades.Estimated divergence times and biogeographical history suggested that Nyssa had an ancestral range in Eurasia and western North America in the late Paleocene.The rapid diversification occurred in the early Eocene,followed by multiple dispersals between and within the Erasian and North American continents.The genus experienced two major episodes of extinction in the early Oligocene and end of Neogene,respectively.The Central American N.talamancana represents a relic lineage of the boreotropical flora in the Paleocene/Eocene boundary that once diversified in western North America.The results supported the importance of both the North Atlantic land bridge and the Bering land bridge(BLB)for the Paleogene dispersals of Nyssa and the Neogene dispersals,respectively,as well as the role of Central America as refugia of the Paleogene flora.The totalevidence-based dated phylogeny suggested that the pattern of macroevolution of Nyssa coincided with paleoclimatic changes.We found a number of evolutionary changes in morphology(including wood anatomy and leaf traits)and ecological niches(precipitation and temperature)between the EA-ENA disjunct,supporting the ecological selection driving trait evolutions after geographic isolation.We also demonstrated challenges in phylogenomic studies of lineages with rapid diversification histories.The concatenation of gene data can lead to inference of strongly supported relationships incongruent with the species tree.However,conflicts in gene genealogies did not seem to impose a strong effect on divergence time dating in our case.Furthermore,we demonstrated that rapid diversification events may not be recovered in the divergence time dating analysis using BEAST if critical fossil constraints of the relevant nodes are not available.Our study provides an example of complex bidirectional exchanges of plants between Eurasia and North America in the Paleogene,but “out of Asia” migrations in the Neogene,to explain the present disjunct distribution of Nyssa in EA and ENA. | Wenbin Zhou Qiu-Yun(Jenny)Xiang Jun Wen | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Animal-mediated long-distance dispersals and migrations shaping the intercontinental disjunctions of Celastrus(Celastraceae)among five continents显示文摘The mechanisms underlying the origin,evolution,and distributional patterns of organisms are a major focus of biogeography.Vicariance and long-distance dispersal(LDD)are two important explanations for disjunctive distribution patterns among lineages.In-depth biogeographic studies of taxa that exhibit wide-ranging disjunctions can provide valuable information for addressing the relative importance of these biogeographic mechanisms.The genus Celastrus contains ca.30 species that are disjunctly distributed in five continents of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,providing an excellent system for historical biogeographic analyses.Here,we used sequence data from five markers(nuclear external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer,and plastid psbA-trnH,rpl16,and trnL-F)to reconstruct the phylogeny of Celastrus and investigate its phylogenetic relationships with Tripterygium,estimate clade divergence times using the fossil-calibrated method,and infer its ancestral distribution range.Celastrus and Tripterygium were each supported as monophyletic.The morphology-based classification systems were not supported by the phylogenetic results.The divergence time between Celastrus and Tripterygium was estimated to be 26.22 Ma(95%highest posterior density:24.46-28.17 Ma),and the diversification of Celastrus were suggested to be linked to global warming events during the Miocene.Celastrus was suggested to have a tropical Asian origin,and dispersed to Central and South America,North America,Oceania,and Madagascar at different periods,most probably through LDD.Birds may have facilitated transoceanic migrations of Celastrus because of its bicolored fruits,which contain red and fleshy arils.Our results highlight the importance of key morphological innovations and animal-mediated dispersals for the rapid diversification of plant lineages across vast distributional ranges. | Yi-Xuan Zhu Feng-Wei Lei Ling Tong Xian-Yun Mu Jun Wen Zhi-Xiang Zhang | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，6： | 1 |
| 4 | In memory of Professor Tang Yan-Cheng: New perspectives in systematic and evolutionary biology显示文摘In China,three institutes for botanical research were established in the 1920s,namely the Department of Botany,Blological Laboratory of the Science Society of China(1922,Nanjing),the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology(1928,Peiping),and the Institute of Botany,Peiping Academy。Sciences(1929,Peiping).Since then,plant taxonomy,plant systematics,and phytogeography have advanced and prospered as scientific disciplines in China.Among the great botanists who studied at those institutes,and at others that were established over the following 100 years,was Prof.Tang(surname)Yan-Cheng(given name)(汤彦承,abbreviated Y.C.Tang)(7 July 1926-6 August 2016)Professor Tang was a well-known and highly respected plant taxonomist and an influential professor at the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beiling.Prof.Tang played a pivotal role in leading taxonommic/systematic research in China from the 19705 into the 19905.He not only provided new insights into the Chinese flora. | | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，5： | 0 |
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