| 1 | 夏玉米和亚洲玉米螟物候同步性研究显示文摘玉米是我国主要粮食作物之一,其生长和产量受到气候变化及病虫害的重要影响.物候同步性指不同物候事件的匹配程度,其作为表征物种间相互作用的一个重要指标,对于指导农业生产具有非常重要的意义.在自然生态系统中,物种间物候同步性的变化可以由两个机制共同解释.一方面,不同物种的生长发育速率对环境因素的响应具有差异;另一方面,物种为更好地适应同步性变化后的环境而产生进化.夏玉米生长发育物候事件与亚洲玉米螟间的物候同步性关系,尤其物候同步性对气候变化的响应,目前研究较少.基于1995~2012年间菏泽市三站点的夏玉米物候期、亚洲玉米螟成虫高峰期以及气象数据,本文系统研究了玉米物候和玉米螟物候的同步性关系.结果发现,夏玉米物候具有遗留效应,夏玉米播种期影响了拔节期、抽雄期,进而导致夏玉米拔节期、抽雄期和亚洲玉米螟成虫高峰期间的物候同步性呈现出非线性的变化.这些结果表明,人为控制的播种期变化很大程度上改变了夏玉米生长发育过程,进而影响玉米螟发生时间和种群数量,最终影响夏玉米的产量.本研究结果对于理解夏玉米物候的变化机制及其与玉米螟物候的同步性关系,防治玉米虫害,提高玉米产量,积极应对气候变化具有非常重要的意义. | 王姝心 郭亚会 付永硕 刘玉梅 | 2021 | 中国科学:生命科学2021，51，4： | 1 |
| 2 | Effects of different ridge-furrow mulching systems on yield and water use efficiency of summer maize in the Loess Plateau of China显示文摘Ridge-furrow film mulching has been proven to be an effective water-saving and yield-improving planting pattern in arid and semi-arid regions.Drought is the main factor limiting the local agricultural production in the Loess Plateau of China.In this study,we tried to select a suitable ridge-furrow mulching system to improve this situation.A two-year field experiment of summer maize(Zea mays L.)during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 was conducted to systematically analyze the effects of flat planting with no film mulching(CK),ridge-furrow with ridges mulching and furrows bare(RFM),and double ridges and furrows full mulching(DRFFM)on soil temperature,soil water storage(SWS),root growth,aboveground dry matter,water use efficiency(WUE),and grain yield.Both RFM and DRFFM significantly increased soil temperature in ridges,while soil temperature in furrows for RFM and DRFFM was similar to that for CK.The largest SWS was observed in DRFFM,followed by RFM and CK,with significant differences among them.SWS was lower in ridges than in furrows for RFM.DRFFM treatment kept soil water in ridges,resulting in higher SWS in ridges than in furrows after a period of no water input.Across the two growing seasons,compared with CK,RFM increased root mass by 10.2%and 19.3%at the jointing and filling stages,respectively,and DRFFM increased root mass by 7.9%at the jointing stage but decreased root mass by 6.0%at the filling stage.Over the two growing seasons,root length at the jointing and filling stages was respectively increased by 75.4%and 58.7%in DRFFM,and 20.6%and 30.2%in RFM.Relative to the jointing stage,the increased proportions of root mass and length at the filling stage were respectively 42.8%and 94.9%in DRFFM,63.2%and 115.1%in CK,and 76.7%and 132.1%in RFM,over the two growing seasons,showing that DRFFM slowed down root growth while RFM promoted root growth at the later growth stages.DRFFM treatment increased root mass and root length in ridges and decreased them in 0-30 cm soil layer,while RFM increased them in 0-30 cm soil layer.Compared with CK,DRFFM decreased aboveground dry matter while RFM increased it.Evapotranspiration was reduced by 9.8%and 7.1%in DRFFM and RFM,respectively,across the two growing seasons.Grain yield was decreased by 14.3%in DRFFM and increased by 13.6%in RFM compared with CK over the two growing seasons.WUE in CK was non-significantly 6.8%higher than that in DRFFM and significantly 22.5%lower than that in RFM across the two growing seasons.Thus,RFM planting pattern is recommended as a viable water-saving option for summer maize in the Loess Plateau of China. | CHEN Pengpeng GU Xiaobo LI Yuannong QIAO Linran LI Yupeng FANG Heng YIN Minhua ZHOU Changming | 2021 | Journal of Arid Land2021，13，9： | 1 |
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