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| 1 | 地表温度“源—汇”景观贡献度的影响因素分析显示文摘在中国快速城市化进程中,城市热岛是严重的环境问题之一。探究城市热岛的影响因素,建立与自然因子、社会经济因子、景观形态因子的关联,对解决中国“城市病”,实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文首先在全国尺度上基于地表温度“源—汇”景观指数识别地表温度的“源”景观/“汇”景观,在此基础上计算“源—汇”景观贡献度及其效应,分析其时空演变规律;其次,基于空间杜宾模型分析自然因子、社会经济因子和景观形态因子对“源—汇”景观贡献度的影响,结果发现:①2005—2015年间,可缓解热岛效应的省份冬季较夏季多,冬季“强”和“较弱”景观贡献度比值区域集中分布在中国北部和南部;夏季“强”的“汇”与“源”景观贡献度比值区域集中分布在中国北部地区。②对于本地因子,景观形态对“源”或“汇”景观贡献度的影响较大,缓解热岛效应将附近小“汇”斑块结合来降低地表温度“汇”景观的离散度;其次,夏季适当在“源”景观里增加相对湿度、并增加其植被覆盖率,严格控制“源”景观和“汇”景观的建筑密度及建筑高度,可达到最佳降温效果。③邻域因子中相对湿度和建筑密度的影响更大,景观形态中增加“源”景观的离散度及其边缘密度,或增加“汇”景观集聚度,简化其形状均有利于缓解邻域的热岛效应。 | 吴健生 何海珊 胡甜 | 2022 | 地理学报2022,77,1: | 9 |
| 2 | Impacts of Urban Expansion on the Urban Thermal Environment:A Case Study of Changchun,China显示文摘Urbanization,especially urban land expansion,has a profound influence on the urban thermal environment.Cities in Northeast China face remarkably uneven development and environmental issues,and thus it is necessary to strengthen the diagnosis of thermal environmental pressure brought by urbanization.In this study,multi remote sensing imageries and statistical approaches,involving piecewise linear regression(PLR),were used to explore urban expansion and its effects on the thermal environment of Changchun City in Jilin Province,China.Results show that Changchun experienced rapid urban expansion from 2000 to 2020,with urban built-up areas increasing from 171.77 to 525.14 km^(2).The area of the city’s urban heat island(UHI)increased dramatically,during both day and night.Using PLR,a positive linear correlation of built-up density with land surface temperature(LST)was detected,with critical breakpoints of 70%-80%during the daytime and 40%-50%at nighttime.Above the thresholds,the magnitude of LST in response to built-up density significantly increased with intensifying urbanization,especially for nighttime LST.An analysis of the relative frequency distributions(RFDs)of LST reveals that rapid urbanization resulted in a significant increase of mean LST in newly urbanized areas,but had weak effects on daytime LST change in existing urban area.Urban expansion also contributed to a constant decrease of spatial heterogeneity of LST in existing urban area,especially at daytime.However,in newly urbanized areas,the spatial heterogeneity of LST was decreased during the daytime but increased at nighttime due to urbanization. | YANG Limin LI Xiaoyan SHANG Beibei | 2022 | Chinese Geographical Science2022,32,1: | 2 |
| 3 | 基于Landsat影像的齐齐哈尔市热岛垫面及其热环境效应的遥感分析显示文摘以不透水面扩展为主要标志的城市扩张对城市热环境产生显著影响,针对特殊垫面的扩张与热环境效应的定量关系目前鲜有研究。本文以不透水面兼沙地盐碱地结构的齐齐哈尔市为研究区,利用Landsat影像提取城区热岛垫面数据,探究城市热环境特征对热岛垫面扩张的响应差异。结果表明:1)1987—2017年齐齐哈尔热岛垫面扩张远多于不透水面面积,多出的范围沿嫩江河谷和东南部的沙地盐碱地方向扩展。2)齐齐哈尔地表温度与热岛垫面增长格局有较强的一致性,极高温区、高温区多分布在城区范围并向嫩江及东南部扩散。3)热岛垫面与地表温度之间存在明显的正相关关系。研究结果可为城市热岛效应的缓解对策探究提供理论参考,也可为改善城市环境质量、城市建设决策提供科学依据。 | 吴凡 吴相利 | 2022 | 测绘与空间地理信息2022,45,11: | 1 |
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