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| 1 | 基于前沿监测技术探讨“大开发”对鸟类迁徙及其栖息地的影响显示文摘迁徙鸟类与地球上不同生态系统、当地生物多样性和人类文化的时空关联,诠释了'地球生命共同体'的理念。《关于特别是作为水禽栖息地的国际重要湿地公约》用鸟类数量来确定国际重要湿地,将地球上受威胁最严重的湿地生态系统和水鸟这两者的保护紧密联系在一起。亚洲的湿地丧失和退化导致水鸟数量锐减,相关监测和保护已迫在眉睫。中国科学院联合10个国家的鸟类和生态环境相关研究机构,建立了亚洲最大且拥有自主知识产权的迁徙鸟类运动生态数据库,获得了亚洲大型鸟类迁徙策略和通道的基础数据。研究发现,亚洲20多个国家的大型迁徙水鸟均利用我国的湿地,其集中利用区域不超过国土面积的1.5%,主要分布在6条大河流域的湿地。进而,探讨了湿地面积、涨落区和水文过程与鸟类数量和行为的关联性。'大开发',尤其是对湿地和水资源的开发,导致了水鸟栖息地丧失和退化、水鸟数量锐减。从全球视角分析,保护迁徙鸟类及其栖息地是人类面临的共同挑战。近年来,我国已对典型湿地开启了成功保护,这也为全球生物多样性保护提供了宝贵的实践经验和信心。最后,文章还提出了关于我国牵头组织全球迁徙鸟类及其栖息地监测和保护的建议。 | 曹垒 孟凡娟 赵青山 | 2021 | 中国科学院院刊2021，36，4： | 6 |
| 2 | Seasonal and regional differences in migration patterns and conservation status of Swan Geese(Anser cygnoides)in the East Asian Flyway显示文摘Background:The Swan Goose(Anser cygnoides)breeds across Mongolia and adjacent China and Russia and winters exclusively in China.It is globally threatened,showing long-term major range contractions and declining abundance,linked to habitat loss and degradation.We remain ignorant about the biogeographical subpopulation structure of the species and potential differences in their migration timing,stopovers and schedules,information that could be vital to effective conservation of different elements of the species population,which we address here with results from a telemetry study.Methods:In 2017-2018,we attached GPS/GSM telemetry devices to 238 Swan Geese on moulting sites in three discrete parts of their summering area(Dauria International Protected Area,Central Mongolia and Western Mongolia),generating 104 complete spring and autumn migration episodes to compare migration speed and nature between birds of different summer provenances.Results:Birds from all three breeding areas used almost completely separate migration routes to winter sympatrically in the Yangtze River floodplain.Although many features of the spring and autumn migrations of the three groups were similar,despite the significantly longer migration routes taken by Western Mongolian tagged birds,birds from Dauria Region arrived significantly later in winter due to prolonged staging in coastal areas and took longer to reach their breeding areas in spring.Among birds of all breeding provenances,spring migration was approximately twice as fast as autumn migration.Areas used by staging Swan Geese(mainly wetlands)in autumn and spring almost never fell within national level protected areas,suggesting major site safeguard is necessary to protect these critical areas.Conclusions:This study showed the discreteness of migration routes taken by birds of different summer provenances and differences in their migratory patterns,highlighting key staging areas(Yalu River Estuary in China/North Korea for Dauria Region breeding birds,Daihai Lake for Central Mongolian and Ordos Basin for Western Mongolian birds).Based on this new knowledge of the biogeographical subpopulation structure of the Swan Goose,we need to combine data on subpopulation size,their distribution throughout the annual life cycle and conservation status,to develop more effective conservation strategies and measures to reverse population decline throughout the range. | Iderbat Damba Junjian Zhang Kunpeng Yi Huashan Dou Nyambayar Batbayar Tseveenmyadag Natsagdorj Batmunkh Davaasuren Lei Cao Anthony David Fox | 2021 | Avian Research2021，12，4： | 0 |
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