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| 1 | 长期施肥下三种旱作土壤有机碳含量及其矿化势比较研究显示文摘【目的】通过研究长期施肥下旱作农田土壤有机碳含量和有机碳矿化势的变化及其影响因素,以期明确影响土壤有机碳贮存的可控因素,为进一步增加土壤有机碳贮存和农田可持续利用提供理论依据。【方法】选取黑龙江省、河南省和江西省的黑土、潮土和红壤长期定位试验的不施肥处理(CK)、单施化肥处理(CF)和有机肥化肥配施处理(MCF),测定土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳含量(MBC),拟合土壤有机碳矿化势(C0)和动力学常数(Kc)。并根据长期定位试验土壤有机碳的变化,采用RothC模型模拟计算碳投入量和有机碳贮存速率。【结果】3种土壤MCF处理的有机碳含量及其矿化势最高。黑土中,MCF处理有机碳含量及其矿化势分别比CK显著增加了4.17%、33.94%(P<0.05),MCF处理有机碳含量与CF处理差异不显著,但有机碳矿化势比CF处理显著增加了31.73%(P<0.05)。潮土中,MCF处理有机碳含量比CK和CF处理分别显著增加了40.59%、21.94%(P<0.05);MCF处理有机碳矿化势与CF处理差异不显著,是CK处理的3.14倍。红壤中,MCF处理有机碳含量比CK和CF处理分别显著增加了64.35%、43.10%(P<0.05),有机碳矿化势分别显著增加了22.20%、15.69%(P<0.05)。黑土和红壤MCF处理微生物熵(MBC∶SOC)及矿化熵(C0∶SOC)显著高于CK处理,潮土CF处理微生物熵及矿化熵显著高于MCF和CK处理(P<0.05)。方差分析表明,土壤类型和施肥措施及其相互作用对土壤有机碳含量和矿化参数总体上有极显著影响(P<0.01)。偏相关分析表明,分别控制温度、降水和蒸发条件下,土壤有机碳与碱解氮、速效磷含量显著正相关;土壤有机碳矿化势与碳投入、全氮和速效磷含量显著正相关,与动力学常数显著负相关;分别控制温度和降水条件下,土壤有机碳与其矿化势、碳投入、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷显著正相关(P<0.05)。逐步回归分析表明,增加全氮含量以及降低年平均温度和蒸发量可以增加土壤有机碳含量;提高土壤速效磷、速效钾含量,降低土壤pH和年平均蒸发量可以增加土壤有机碳矿化势。【结论】综合3种农田土壤,长期有机肥化肥配施提高土壤有机碳含量及其矿化势,降低土壤pH和土壤水分蒸发能够增加土壤有机碳矿化势,因此,通过合理的施肥措施增加土壤有机碳的同时,结合调节土壤pH和土壤水分的农艺措施增加土壤有机碳矿化势,能进一步增加土壤有机碳贮存。 | 息伟峰 徐新朋 赵士诚 魏丹 周宝库 黄绍敏 余喜初 仇少君 何萍 周卫 | 2021 | 植物营养与肥料学报2021，27，12： | 12 |
| 2 | 不同耕作模式对双季稻田生态系统净碳汇效应及收益的影响显示文摘耕作措施是影响稻田生态系统净碳汇效应和经济收益的关键因素。为探明南方双季稻区不同耕作模式下稻田耕层土壤(0-20 cm)固碳速率和土壤碳密度、年碳汇平衡和经济收益的变化特征,开展紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)-双季稻大田定位试验,设双季水稻翻耕+秸秆还田(CT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆还田(RT)、双季水稻免耕+秸秆还田(NT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆不还田(RTO,对照)4种耕作处理,系统分析了不同耕作方式对稻田耕层土壤固碳速率和土壤碳密度、年碳汇平衡和经济收益的影响。研究结果表明,各处理稻田耕层土壤的固碳速率变化范围为2.98-3.43 t·hm^-2·a-1,耕层土壤碳密度为29.77-34.33 t·hm^-2,其大小顺序均表现为CT>RT>NT>RTO。不同耕作处理稻田生态系统作物的净碳固定变化范围为5.27-7.43 t·hm^-2·a-1,其大小顺序表现为CT>RT>NT>RTO;CT和RT处理土壤的净碳汇量分别比NT处理增加40.26%和3.90%。不同处理稻田生态系统物质投入的碳成本为0.03-0.85 t·hm^-2·a-1,年经济收益为7.11-8.81×103 CNY·hm^-2·a-1,稻田生态系统经济效益大小顺序表现为CT>RT>NT>RTO。总之,翻耕、旋耕结合秸秆还田处理均有利于提高双季稻田耕层土壤的固碳速率、碳汇效应和经济收益,是增加耕层土壤有机碳库贮量的有效措施。 | 唐海明 李超 肖小平 潘孝晨 程凯凯 董春华 石丽红 罗尊长 | 2020 | 生态环境学报2020，29，2： | 9 |
| 3 | Corn straw return can increase labile soil organic carbon fractions and improve water-stable aggregates in Haplic Cambisol显示文摘Corn straw return to the field is a vital agronomic practice for increasing soil organic carbon(SOC)and its labile fractions,as well as soil aggregates and organic carbon(OC)associated with water-stable aggregates(WSA).Moreover,the labile SOC fractions play an important role in OC turnover and sequestration.The aims of this study were to determine how different corn straw returning modes affect the contents of labile SOC fractions and OC associated with WSA.Corn straw was returned in the following depths:(1)on undisturbed soil surface(NTS),(2)in the 0–10 cm soil depth(MTS),(3)in the 0–20 cm soil depth(CTS),and(4)no corn straw applied(CK).After five years(2014–2018),soil was sampled in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths to measure the water-extractable organic C(WEOC),permanganate oxidizable C(KMnO4-C),light fraction organic C(LFOC),and WSA fractions.The results showed that compared with CK,corn straw amended soils(NTS,MTS and CTS)increased SOC content by 11.55%–16.58%,WEOC by 41.38%–51.42%,KMnO4-C and LFOC by 29.84%–34.09%and 56.68%–65.36%in the 0–40 cm soil depth.The LFOC and KMnO4-C were proved to be the most sensitive fractions to different corn straw returning modes.Compared with CK,soils amended with corn straw increased mean weight diameter by 24.24%–40.48%in the 0–20 cm soil depth.The NTS and MTS preserved more than 60.00%of OC in macro-aggregates compared with CK.No significant difference was found in corn yield across all corn straw returning modes throughout the study period,indicating that adoption of NTS and MTS would increase SOC content and improve soil structure,and would not decline crop production. | Batande Sinovuyo NDZELU DOU Sen ZHANG Xiaowei | 2020 | Journal of Arid Land2020，12，6： | 5 |
| 4 | Effects of long-term straw incorporation on nematode community composition and metabolic footprint in a rice–wheat cropping system显示文摘Soil nematode communities can provide valuable information about the structure and functions of soil food webs,and are sensitive to agricultural practices,including short-term straw incorporation.However,currently,such effects under longterm straw incorporation conditions at different fertility levels are largely unknown.Thus,we conducted a 13-year ongoing experiment to evaluate the effects of long-term straw incorporation on the structure and functions of the soil food web in low and high fertility soils through analyzing its effects on nematode communities,food web indices and metabolic footprints.Four treatments were included:straw removal(–S)under non-fertilized(–NPK)or fertilized(+NPK)conditions;and straw incorporation(+S)under–NPK or+NPK conditions.Soil samples from a 0–20 cm depth layer were collected when wheat and rice were harvested.Compared with straw removal,straw incorporation increased the abundances of total nematodes,bacterivores,plant-parasites and omnivores-predators,as well the relative abundances of omnivores-predators with increases of 73.06,89.29,95.31,238.98,and 114.61%in–NPK soils and 16.23,2.23,19.01,141.38,and 90.23%in+NPK soils,respectively.Regardless of sampling times and fertilization effects,straw incorporation increased the diversity and community stability of nematodes,as indicated by the Shannon-Weaver diversity index and maturity index.Enrichment and structure index did not show significant responses to straw incorporation,but a slight increase was observed in the structure index.The analysis of nematode metabolic footprints showed that straw incorporation increased the plant-parasite footprint and structure footprint by 97.27 and 305.39%in–NPK soils and by 11.29 and 149.56%in+NPK soils,but did not significantly influence enrichment,bacterivore and fungivore footprints.In conclusion,long-term straw incorporation,particularly under a low fertility level,favored the soil nematodes and regulated the soil food web mainly via a top-down effect. | CHEN Yun-feng XIA Xian-ge HU Cheng LIU Dong-hai QIAO Yan LI Shuang-lai FAN Xian-peng | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2021，20，8： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of crop residue managements and tillage practices on variations of soil penetration resistance in sloping farmland of Mollisols显示文摘Soil penetration resistance(SPR)is one of the major indicators of soil physical properties.Crop residue managements,tillage practices and their interactions exert significant effects on the SPR.However,rare information is available in the sloping farmland of Mollisols.Field experiments were conducted to investigate the variations of the SPR as affected by crop residue managements and tillage practices on the sloping land in Northeast China from 2015 to 2019.The split-plot experiment was arranged with two crop residue managements(removed,REM and retained,RET),and three tillage practices(no tillage,NT;rotary tillage,RT;plow tillage,PT).SPR data in 0-80 cm soil depth was measured at the end of harvest of maize monoculture.Results showed that the two crop residue managements induced significant variations in the SPR at 0-15 cm,15-30 cm and 0-80 cm soil depths under NT,RT,and PT treatments,respectively.In comparison with RET treatment,the average values of the SPR under REM treatment were 10.9%and 8.9%higher in 45-60 cm and 60-80 cm soil depths,respectively.The average values of the SPR under PT treatment were 12.4%and 14.1%lower in 0-15 cm soil depth,and 23.9%and 10.4%lower in 15-30 cm soil depth than those under NT and RT treatments.However,the average value of the SPR under PT treatment was 11.2%and 22.0%higher in 60-80 cm soil depth than those under NT and RT treatments,respectively.The SPR generally decreased with the slope position declined in the deeper soil depth(except for the NT+RET treatment).The findings from this research can provide a scientific reference for the establishment of rational cultivation and the sustainable development of productivity on the sloping land of Mollisols in cold regions. | Yijiao Wang Jinyou Qiao Wenyi Ji Jian Sun Dongxu Huo Yupeng Liu Haitao Chen | 2022 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2022，15，1： | 1 |
| 6 | 耕作方式对旱地麦田土壤团聚体及其碳氮组分分布的影响显示文摘为明确蓄水保墒耕作方式下旱地麦田土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳及碳组分和全氮及氮组分在不同粒径团聚体组分中的分布特征,深入了解不同耕作方式下土壤碳氮固持机制,以连续3 a(2017—2020年)实施不同耕作方式(免耕、深松、深翻)后冬小麦收获期0~20 cm土壤为研究对象,采用湿筛法测算土壤团聚体的构成与稳定性(R_(0.25),>0.25 mm团聚体含量;MWD,平均重量直径;GMD,几何平均直径),并测定各粒径团聚体有机碳(SOC)和碳组分(重组有机碳,HFOC;轻组有机碳,LFOC;易氧化有机碳,EOC;可溶性有机碳,DOC;颗粒有机碳,POC)含量、全氮(TN)和氮组分(硝态氮,NO^(-)_(3)-N;铵态氮,NH^(+)_(4)-N;可溶性有机氮,SON)含量,分析了碳氮组分的相关关系。结果显示:(1)免耕和深松处理>2 mm团聚体土壤比例较深翻处理分别提高8.8%和22.1%,免耕有利于增加<0.053 mm粉黏粒比例,较深松和深翻处理分别提高46.4%和27.7%。深松处理较深翻处理的R_(0.25)、MWD、GMD分别提高了2.8%、6.3%和9.0%;(2)免耕和深松处理较深翻提高土壤各粒径团聚体SOC、LFOC、EOC、DOC和POC含量。深松处理各粒径团聚体HFOC含量均高于深翻处理,免耕处理仅<0.053 mm团聚体HFOC含量比深翻高24.7%;(3)与深翻处理相比,免耕处理有利于提高>2 mm、0.25~2 mm、0.053~0.25 mm土壤团聚体TN、NO^(-)_(3)-N和NH^(+)_(4)-N含量;深松处理有利于增加土壤各粒径团聚体TN含量以及>2 mm和0.25~2 mm团聚体NO^(-)_(3)-N含量,各粒径团聚体NH^(+)_(4)-N含量低于深翻处理。免耕和深松处理各粒径团聚体SON含量均高于深翻处理。碳氮比(C/N)在不同粒径团聚体均表现为深松>免耕>深翻;(4)免耕和深松处理的0~20 cm土壤碳储量分别比深翻高85.4%和86.3%,土壤氮储量分别比深翻高48.1%和32.5%,而秸秆碳还田量分别比深翻低30.9%和16.4%;(5)通过结构方程模型分析发现,DOC和POC通过协同EOC变化,是影响SOC变化的主导因子。SON是协同TN提升的主导因子。因此,黄土高原旱地麦田实施深松技术可改善土壤团聚体结构,实现土壤固碳保氮的协同效应。 | 吴林甲 祁琛 闫秋艳 闫双堆 董飞 张敏敏 | 2023 | 干旱地区农业研究2023，41，2： | 1 |
| 7 | 烟-稻轮作区不同种植模式碳汇效应及经济效益评价显示文摘【背景和目的】植烟土壤碳汇效应近年来颇受关注,生态效应与经济效益双赢的烤烟与其他作物轮作模式也有待探索。本研究旨在评价分析皖南烟田不同种植模式生态系统碳汇效应及经济效益。【方法】采用大田试验,设置烤烟-水稻→小麦-中稻(TWR)、烤烟-水稻→紫云英-再生稻(TRR)两类种植模式,定量评价两种模式的碳汇效应以及作物产量和经济效益。【结果】与传统的TWR模式相比,TRR模式生产成本显著降低8.8%,经济收益显著增加8.9%,净碳汇显著提高47.3%,表明TRR是一种经济收益高且温室气体排放强度低的种植模式。在TRR系统中,水稻的碳吸收和碳排放均最高,紫云英呈现高碳吸收、低碳排放的特点,而烤烟则是低碳吸收、高碳排放。TRR系统净碳汇贡献的大小顺序表现为紫云英>头季稻>烟后晚稻>再生稻>烤烟,碳足迹主要来自于CH4(44.6%)、N_(2)O(20.2%)和化肥(16.5%),紫云英绿肥和再生稻是该模式重要的碳汇作物。烤烟碳足迹主要来源为肥料、N_(2)O和农膜,占总排放的比例均超过20%。种植紫云英和再生稻有利于TRR模式作物高产和碳汇增效。【结论】TRR模式是一种经济收益高且温室气体排放强度低的种植模式,其碳汇潜力的进一步提高的关键是减少稻季CH4排放和提高烤烟季肥料利用率。本研究为烟-稻轮作生态系统温室气体减排及其高效、绿色、低碳农业生产提供了理论依据。 | 姜超强 刘炎红 徐海清 李晨 朱启法 沈嘉 阎轶峰 祖朝龙 | 2023 | 中国烟草学报2023，29，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Fractionation of soil organic carbon in a calcareous soil after longterm tillage and straw residue management显示文摘No-tillage(NT)and straw return(S)collectively affect soil organic carbon(SOC).However,changes in the organic carbon pool have been under-investigated.Here,we assessed the quantity and quality of SOC after 11 years of tillage and straw return on the North China Plain.Concentrations of SOC and its labile fractions(particulate organic carbon(POC),potassium permanganate-oxidizable organic carbon(POXC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)),components of DOC by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC),and the chemical composition of SOC by 13C NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)spectroscopy were explored.Treatments comprised conventional tillage(CT)and NT under straw removal(S0),return of wheat straw only(S1),or return of both wheat straw and maize residue(S2).Straw return significantly increased the concentrations and stocks of SOC at 0–20 cm depth,but NT stratified them with enrichment at 0–10 cm and a decrease at 10–20 cm compared to CT,especially under S2.Labile C fractions showed similar patterns of variation to that of SOC,with POC and POXC more sensitive to straw return and the former more sensitive to tillage.Six fluorescence components of DOC were identified,mainly comprising humic-like substances with smaller amounts of fulvic acid-like substances and tryptophan.Straw return significantly decreased the fluorescence index(FI)and autochthonous index(BIX)and increased the humification index(HIX).No-tillage generally increased HIX in topsoil but decreased it and increased the FI and BIX below the topsoil.Relative abudance order of the chemical composition of SOC was:O-alkyl C>alkylC>aromatic-C>carbonyl-C.Overall,NT under S2 effectively increased SOC and its labile C forms and DOC humification in topsoil and microbially-derived DOC below the topsoil.Return of both wheat and maize straw was a decisive factor in promoting SOC in the plow layer.The stratification of SOC under NT may confer a long-term influence on carbon sequestration. | LI Teng-teng ZHANG Jiang-zhou ZHANG Hong-yan Peter CHRISITE ZHANG Jun-ling | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，12： | 0 |
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