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| 1 | Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material显示文摘Indium tin oxide(ITO) films have recently emerged as a new class of functional materials for nonlinear optical(NLO) devices due to their exotic properties around epsilon-near-zero(ENZ) wavelength. Here, we experimentally investigated and tailored the NLO absorption properties of ITO films. The NLO absorption response of ITO films is investigated by using the femtosecond Z-scan measurement technique at two different wavelengths of 1030 nm(out of ENZ region) and 1440 nm(within ENZ region). Interestingly, we observed conversion behavior from saturable absorption(SA) to reverse saturable absorption(RSA) at 1030 nm with the increasing incident laser intensity, whereas only SA behavior was observed at 1440 nm. We demonstrate that SA behavior was ascribed to ground-state free electrons bleaching in the conduction band, and RSA was attributed to three-photon absorption. Moreover, results reveal that ITO film shows more excellent SA performance at 1440 nm with a nonlinear absorption coefficient of ~-23.2 cm∕GW and a figure of merit of ~1.22 × 10^(-16) esu · cm.Furthermore, we tailored the SA and RSA behaviors of ITO films at 1030 and 1440 nm wavelengths via post-annealing treatment. The modulatable NLO absorption was ascribed to the changing of free-carrier concentration in ITO films via annealing treatment. The experimental findings offered an inroad for researchers to tailor its NLO absorption properties by changing the free-carrier concentration through chemical modification such as annealing, oxidation, or defect implantation. The superior and tunable nonlinear optical response suggests that ITO film might be employed as a new class material with potential applications in novel optical switches or optical limiters to realize the all-optical information process. | HAO MA YUANAN ZHAO YUCHEN SHAO YAFEI LIAN WEILI ZHANG GUOHANG HU YUXIN LENG JIANDA SHAO | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，5： | 2 |
| 2 | Characterization of field-effect mobility at optical frequency by microring resonators显示文摘A novel characterization method is proposed to extract the optical frequency field-effect mobility(μ_(op,FE))of transparent conductive oxide(TCO)materials by a tunable silicon microring resonator with a heterogeneously integrated titanium-doped indium oxide(ITiO)/SiO_(2)/silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor(MOS)capacitor.By operating the microring in the accumulation mode,the quality factor and resonance wavelength shift are measured and subsequently used to derive the��op,FE in the ultra-thin accumulation layer.Experimental results demonstrate that the μ_(op,FE) of ITiO increases from 25.3 to 38.4 cm2⋅V^(−1)⋅s^(−1) with increasing gate voltages,which shows a similar trend as that at the electric frequency. | Wei-Che Hsu Erwen Li Bokun Zhou Alan X.Wang | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，4： | 1 |
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