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| 1 | Shaping polyploid wheat for success:Origins,domestication,and the genetic improvement of agronomic traits显示文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.,AABBDD,2 n=6 x=42),which accounts for most of the cultivated wheat crop worldwide,is a typical allohexaploid with a genome derived from three diploid wild ancestors.Bread wheat arose and evolved via two sequential allopolyploidization events and was further polished through multiple steps of domestication.Today,cultivated allohexaploid bread wheat has numerous advantageous traits,including adaptive plasticity,favorable yield traits,and extended end-use quality,which have enabled its cultivation well beyond the ranges of its tetraploid and diploid progenitors to become a global staple food crop.In the past decade,rapid advances in wheat genomic research have considerably accelerated our understanding of the bases for the shaping of complex agronomic traits in this polyploid crop.Here,we summarize recent advances in characterizing major genetic factors underlying the origin,evolution,and improvement of polyploid wheats.We end with a brief discussion of the future prospects for the design of gene cloning strategies and modern wheat breeding. | Jie Liu Yingyin Yao Mingming Xin Huiru Peng Zhongfu Ni Qixin Sun | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2022，64，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Natural variation and artificial selection of photoperiodic flowering genes and their applications in crop adaptation显示文摘Flowering links vegetative growth and reproductive growth and involves the coordination of local environmental cues and plant genetic information.Appropriate timing of floral initiation and maturation in both wild and cultivated plants is important to their fitness and productivity in a given growth environment.The domestication of plants into crops,and later crop expansion and improvement,has often involved selection for early flowering.In this review,we analyze the basic rules for photoperiodic adaptation in several economically important and/or well-researched crop species.The ancestors of rice(Oryza sativa),maize(Zea mays),soybean(Glycine max),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)are short-day plants whose photosensitivity was reduced or lost during domestication and expansion to high-latitude areas.Wheat(Triticum aestivum)and barley(Hordeum vulgare)are long-day crops whose photosensitivity is influenced by both latitude and vernalization type.Here,we summarize recent studies about where these crops were domesticated,how they adapted to photoperiodic conditions as their growing area expanded from domestication locations to modern cultivating regions,and how allelic variants of photoperiodic flowering genes were selected during this process.A deeper understanding of photoperiodic flowering in each crop will enable better molecular design and breeding of high-yielding cultivars suited to particular local environments. | Xiaoya Lin Chao Fang Baohui Liu Fanjiang Kong | 2021 | aBIOTECH2021，2，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Water stress resilient cereal crops:Lessons from wild relatives显示文摘Cereal crops are significant contributors to global diets.As climate change disrupts weather patterns and wreaks havoc on crops,the need for generating stress-resilient,high-yielding varieties is more urgent than ever.One extremely promising avenue in this regard is to exploit the tremendous genetic diversity expressed by the wild ancestors of current day crop species.These crop wild relatives thrive in a range of environments and accordingly often harbor an array of traits that allow them to do so.The identification and introgression of these traits into our staple cereal crops can lessen yield losses in stressful environments.In the last decades,a surge in extreme drought and flooding events have severely impacted cereal crop production.Climate models predict a persistence of this trend,thus reinforcing the need for research on water stress resilience.Here we review:(i)how water stress(drought and flooding)impacts crop performance;and(ii)how identification of tolerance traits and mechanisms from wild relatives of the main cereal crops,that is,rice,maize,wheat,and barley,can lead to improved survival and sustained yields in these crops under water stress conditions. | Justine M.Toulotte Chrysoula K.Pantazopoulou Maria Angelica Sanclemente Laurentius A.C.JVoesenek Rashmi Sasidharan | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2022，64，2： | 0 |
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