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| 1 | 孕穗期高温与涝对水稻光合特性和产量的影响显示文摘【目的】探究孕穗期高温与涝胁迫对水稻光合特性和产量的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置3个胁迫处理,分别为涝胁迫(T1,15 cm),高温胁迫(T2),高温×涝胁迫(T3,15 cm),以浅水勤灌为对照(CK),分析了孕穗期高温与涝胁迫条件下水稻光合特性和产量变化。【结果】孕穗期胁迫结束后,T2处理相比CK降低了水稻的光合速率,较降低了30.77%,T3处理会增加水稻叶片的SPAD值和光合速率以及气孔导度,尤其是气孔导度较CK显著增加了51.90%;所有胁迫处理的地上部干物质量都低于CK,直至成熟期,T1、T2和T3处理的地上部干物质量分别较CK显著降低了6.65%、32.40%和12.98%;T2和T3处理均会降低水稻产量,且分别较CK显著减产80.09%和12.33%,千粒质量分别较CK下降了16.31%和11.86%;且T3处理千粒质量和产量分别较T2处理显著增加了5.32%和3.40倍。【结论】水稻孕穗期若遭遇极端高温天气时,可以将田间水层保持在15 cm左右,以缓解高温对水稻造成的热害。 | 甄博 郭瑞琪 周新国 李会贞 牛庆林 邱虎森 田广丽 李三军 | 2021 | 灌溉排水学报2021，40，4： | 10 |
| 2 | 淹涝胁迫对水稻植株叶片光合性能的影响显示文摘为提高水稻作物生长模型中淹涝胁迫对水稻生长和产量影响的定量评估能力,通过开展水稻盆栽淹涝试验,研究了不同淹涝胁迫程度对粳稻和籼稻植株叶片光合性能的影响,并将两者之间的关系进行了定量化,结果表明:1)两种水稻植株叶片的光量子效率AQE、最大光合速率P_m均随淹涝天数的增加而明显下降,全淹处理的下降幅度较大,受全淹处理8天后平均下降幅度近五成,而半淹处理的下降幅度较小,半淹处理8天后平均降幅约一成左右;叶片基础荧光F_0、最大荧光产额F_m和最大光化学效率F_v/F_m也均随着淹涝胁迫天数的增加出现不同程度的降低。2)植株叶片光量子效率和最大光合速率随淹涝深度和淹涝天数变化可用定量关系模型y=1-aH-bH^3T来描述,用独立的试验资料对该模型进行检验后表明,模型的模拟值与实测值有很好的一致性,两者的相关系数高、RMSE值低,模拟效果令人满意。3)全淹处理下,水稻植株叶片最大光合速率P_m和最大荧光产额F_m下降幅度具有较好的相关性,可运用荧光测定的信息来快速估计淹涝胁迫对水稻叶片光合速率影响的程度。本研究可为改进水稻模型中淹涝胁迫条件下的水稻干物质累积和产量的模拟提供依据。 | 成添 胡继超 李映雪 谢晓金 李永秀 | 2019 | 气象与环境科学2019，42，1： | 9 |
| 3 | Flooding Tolerance in Rice:Focus on Mechanisms and Approaches显示文摘Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters and a major stress constraint to rice production throughout the world,which results in huge economic loss.Approximately one-fourth of the global rice crops(approximately 40 million hectares)are grown in rainfed lowland plots that are prone to seasonal flooding.A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to flooding/submergence in rice.In this review,we summarized the physiological and molecular mechanisms that contribute to tolerance of flooding/submergence in rice.We also covered various features of flooding stress with special reference to rice plants,viz.different types of flooding stress,environmental characterisation of flood water,impact of flooding stress on rice plant and their morphological,physiological and metabolic responses under flooding.A brief discussion on the tolerance mechanism in rice exhibited to different types of flooding will be focused for the future crop improvement programme for development of flooding tolerant rice variety. | Debabrata Panda Jijnasa Barik | 2021 | Rice science2021，28，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Water stress resilient cereal crops:Lessons from wild relatives显示文摘Cereal crops are significant contributors to global diets.As climate change disrupts weather patterns and wreaks havoc on crops,the need for generating stress-resilient,high-yielding varieties is more urgent than ever.One extremely promising avenue in this regard is to exploit the tremendous genetic diversity expressed by the wild ancestors of current day crop species.These crop wild relatives thrive in a range of environments and accordingly often harbor an array of traits that allow them to do so.The identification and introgression of these traits into our staple cereal crops can lessen yield losses in stressful environments.In the last decades,a surge in extreme drought and flooding events have severely impacted cereal crop production.Climate models predict a persistence of this trend,thus reinforcing the need for research on water stress resilience.Here we review:(i)how water stress(drought and flooding)impacts crop performance;and(ii)how identification of tolerance traits and mechanisms from wild relatives of the main cereal crops,that is,rice,maize,wheat,and barley,can lead to improved survival and sustained yields in these crops under water stress conditions. | Justine M.Toulotte Chrysoula K.Pantazopoulou Maria Angelica Sanclemente Laurentius A.C.JVoesenek Rashmi Sasidharan | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2022，64，2： | 0 |
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