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| 1 | 黄河下游游荡段过流能力调整对水沙条件与断面形态的响应显示文摘河道过流能力与主槽形态有关,而主槽形态又取决于上游水沙条件,分析过流能力与这两者之间的关系对研究黄河下游游荡段河床演变规律有重要意义。从典型断面和河段平均两个尺度,定量分析了黄河下游游荡段1986-2015年平滩流量与水沙条件(来沙系数和水流冲刷强度)及汛前主槽形态(河相系数)之间的响应关系。结果表明:①1986年至小浪底水库运行前,游荡段淤积严重,主槽萎缩,河道过流能力急剧下降,自小浪底水库运行后,游荡段发生强烈冲刷,其断面持续趋向窄深,过流能力逐年恢复;②建立了断面和河段平滩流量与水沙条件及河相系数的幂函数关系,二者相关系数均在0.5以上,但河段尺度相比于断面尺度的相关系数至少可提高17%;③河段平滩流量与前5年汛期平均水流冲刷强度及河相系数的相关系数接近0.94,相应计算公式能较好地反映平滩流量的变化过程,为分析其他河段平滩流量的变化提供了参考方法。 | 程亦菲 夏军强 周美蓉 邓珊珊 | 2020 | 水科学进展2020，31，3： | 7 |
| 2 | 黄河下游主槽断面形态对水沙变化响应过程的模拟显示文摘准确把握环境变化下前期水沙条件对当前河床形态调整的影响,建立非平衡态河床形态调整的模拟方法,对深化河床非平衡调整过程的认识至关重要。基于黄河下游花园口—利津河段1965—2015年的水沙和沿程82个大断面数据,首先统计分析了不同河段主槽断面形态参数(面积、河宽、水深和河相系数)的调整过程及其对水沙变化的响应规律;进而以水沙因子作为主槽断面形态调整的主控因素,采用滞后响应模型的多步递推模式,建立了其对前期水沙条件变化的滞后响应模型。结果表明,各河段面积、河宽和水深经历了减小—增加—减小—增加的变化过程,并且其与4 a滑动平均流量和含沙量之间分别呈正相关和负相关;而河相系数孙口以上段整体减小,孙口以下段呈增加—减小—增加—减小的变化过程,除花高段1965—1999年外,其与流量呈负相关,与含沙量呈正相关。滞后响应模型在黄河下游主槽断面形态对前期水沙条件响应过程的应用表明,各参数模型计算值与实测值符合程度均较高,模型能够很好地模拟主槽断面形态对水沙变化的响应调整过程,模型计算结果显示主槽断面形态调整受当年在内的前8 a水沙条件的累积影响,当年和前7 a水沙条件对当前断面形态的影响权重分别约为30%和70%。本文模型有助于深化前期水沙条件对当前河床形态调整影响机理的认识,并为未来不同水沙情形下主槽断面形态的预测提供了有效计算方法。 | 王彦君 吴保生 钟德钰 | 2020 | 地理学报2020，75，7： | 5 |
| 3 | 黄河下游治理方略演变及综合治理前沿技术显示文摘较为全面地回顾了我国黄河下游治理方略的演变,着重介绍了黄河下游治理的最新科研成果——流域'分区治理'新方略。新方略将黄河河道至大堤之间的流域空间依次划分为生态移民安置区、高效生态农业区和生态湿地等功能区,利用泥沙放淤、挖河疏浚等技术手段实施滩区再造,建设嫩滩、二滩和高滩,以达成洪水分级设防、泥沙分区落淤、滩槽水沙自由交换的水沙调控目标。采用新方略及相应的前沿技术治理黄河下游,有望实现治河与惠民双赢,促进沿黄经济带高质量发展及其水生态文明建设。 | 张金良 仝亮 王卿 段沛 尚毅梓 | 2022 | 水利水电科技进展2022，42，2： | 2 |
| 4 | 黄河下游游荡段断面形态调整对洪水演进影响分析显示文摘黄河下游洪水演进过程受来水来沙条件和河床断面形态的共同制约,但目前研究较少考虑断面形态调整的影响。以黄河下游游荡段为研究对象,基于实测资料分析和一维非恒定水沙耦合数学模型计算,研究在相同平滩断面面积下不同断面形态对洪水演进过程的影响。实测资料分析结果表明:当洪峰量级接近时,窄深河段的洪水传播速度较快,传播时间较短;洪水涨率与河相系数负相关(确定性系数R^(2)=0.91)。数值模拟结果表明:在进口水沙过程相同的条件下,与1992年宽浅河道相比,2003年窄深河道下花园口至高村游荡段洪水传播时间由64 h缩短至21 h,洪峰流量削减21%,河段淤积量减少34%。窄深断面形态不仅能缩减游荡段洪峰传播时间,同时有利于减缓河道淤积。 | 程亦菲 夏军强 周美蓉 邓珊珊 | 2022 | 人民黄河2022，44，4： | 2 |
| 5 | 黄河下游主槽断面形态对水沙变化响应过程的模拟显示文摘To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes,it is essential to(i)accurately identify how past conditions of water and sediment have impacted current morphological adjustment of the river,and(ii)establish a corresponding simulation for non-equilibrium conditions.Based on discharge and suspended sediment concentration(SSC)as well as 82 cross-sectional data items for the Huayuankou-Lijin reach of the Lower Yellow River in the period 1965-2015,the process of adjustment of the geometry of the main channel(area,width,depth,and geomorphic coefficient),and its responses to changes in discharge and SSC for different reaches are statistically analyzed.Following this,a delayed response model(DRM)of the geometry of the main channel subjected to variations in discharge and SSC is established using a multi-step analytical model,with the discharge and SSC as the main controlling factors.The results show that the area,width,and depth of the main channel decreased initially,then increased,decreased again,and finally increased again.These features of the geometry of the channel were positively correlated with the 4-year moving average discharge and negatively with the 4-year moving average SSC.The geomorphic coefficient for the Huayuankou-Sunkou reach exhibited a trend of decrease,whereas that of the Sunkou-Lijin reach decreased initially,then increased,decreased again,and finally increased again.Except for the Huayuankou-Gaocun reach in 1965-1999,the coefficient was negatively correlated with the 4-year moving average discharge and positively with SSC.The simulated values of the morphological parameters of the main channel for all sub-reaches obtained using the DRM agreed well with the measured values.This indicates that the DRM can be used to simulate the process of response of the cross-sectional geometry of the main channel to variations in the water and sediment.The results of the model show that the adjustment of the geometry of the main channel was affected by the discharge and the SSC at present(30%)as well as for the previous 7 years(70%).The proposed model offers insights into the mechanism whereby past water and sediment influence the current morphological adjustment of the river,and provides an effective method for predicting the magnitude and trend of the geometry of the main channel under different flow conditions. | 王彦君 吴保生 钟德钰 | 2020 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2020，30，12： | 1 |
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