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| 1 | Diversity of Menispermaceae from the Paleocene and Eocene of South China显示文摘We present here the earliest known Asian fossil records of the Menispermaceae based on fossil fruits from Paleocene and Eocene localities in South China.A new genus and species,Paleoorbicarpum parvum sp.noy,,and two new species of Stephania Loureiro,S.ornamenta sp.nov.and S.geniculata sp.nov,are recognized from Paleocene deposits of the Sanshui Basin,Guangdong,and a new occurrence of the widespread Eocene species Stephania auriformis(Hollick)Han&Manchester is recognized from the Maoming Basin,Guangdong.The Paleocene Stephania specimens described here represent the earliest fossil endocarp record of the Menispermaceae in eastern Asia.This discovery shows that the moonseed family had arrived in tropical and humid South China by at least the middle Paleocene,which provides important evidence for the origin and phytogeographic history of the family. | Meng Han Xin-Kai Wu Ming Tu Tatiana M.Kodrul Jian-Hua Jin | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，3： | 1 |
| 2 | New Eocene fossil fruits and leaves of Menispermaceae from the central Tibetan Plateau and their biogeographic implications显示文摘Menispermaceae are a pantropical and temperate family with an extensive fossil record during the Paleogene period,especially in North America and Europe,but with much less evidence from Asia.The latest fossil evidence indicates a succession of tropical to subtropical flora on the central Tibetan Plateau during the Paleogene.However,the biogeographic histories of these floras are still unresolved.Here,we report on endocarps and leaves of Menispermaceae from the Middle Eocene of Jianglang village,Bangor County,central Tibetan Plateau.The endocarps belong to two genera:Stephania,which is characterized by a horseshoe-shaped endocarp and with one lateral crest ornamented by spiny to rectangular ribs,and a condyle area;and Cissampelos(s.l.),which has two characteristic lateral ridges and a conspicuous external condyle.Associated leaves belong to the genus Menispermites,and are characterized by actinodromous primary venation,brochidodromous secondary veins,entire margins,and the presence of marginal secondary veins.The biogeographic history of Menispermaceae is complex,but evidence from these new fossils indicates an early diversification of the group in Asia,probably in response to the warming climate during the Eocene.The Jianglang flora appears to be part of a boreotropical flora,connecting Asia with North American and European floras during the Middle Eocene.The modern distribution of menispermaceous taxa found in Jianglang,as well as other families represented in the Jianglang flora,show that a tropical to subtropical climate occurred during the Eocene in central Tibet. | Cédric Del Rio Jian Huang Ping Liu Wei-Yu-Dong Deng Teresa E.V.Spicer Fei-Xiang Wu Zhe-Kun Zhou Tao Su | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，6： | 1 |
| 3 | First recognition of the extinct eudicot genus Palibinia in North America:Leaves and fruits of Palibinia comptonifolia(R.W.Br.)comb.nov.from the Eocene of Utah and Colorado,USA显示文摘Newly investigated leafy twigs bearing axillary fruits from the Eocene Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation in eastern Utah,USA,have provided more information on the species previously attributed to the Proteaceae as Banksia comptonifolia R.W.Br.The leaves are simple,estipulate with short petioles,and elongate laminae with prominent angular nonglandular teeth.The laminae have a thick midvein and pinnate craspedodromous secondaries,and are distinctive in the presence of a thick,often coalified,marginal rim.Vegetative and reproductive buds occur in the axils of the leaves.These features indicate that the species belongs to Palibinia Korovin—an extinct Eudicot genus previously known only from the Paleogene of Asia and Europe.Small pedicellate ovoid fruits 1.5-2.2 mm wide are borne in fascicles of three and are seen to be capsules with four apical valves.Despite the specific epithet referring to similarity of the foliage to that of Comptonia(Myricaceae),the fasciculate inflorescence organization with axillary flowers is quite distinct from the catkins characteristic of that family.Assignment to Banksia or other Proteaceae with complex inflorescences and follicular fruits is also problematic.Additionally,MacGinitie′s transfer of the species to Vauquelinia of the Rosaceae is contradicted by the lack of stipule scars on the twig and by differences in leaf venation and floral morphology.We transfer the species to Palibinia comptonifolia(R.W.Br.)comb.nov.,but its familial affinity within the Pentapetalae remains uncertain.This new occurrence augments records from the Paleogene of Turkmenistan,Kazakhstan,China,England,and Germany. | Steven R.Manchester Walter S.Judd Tatiana Kodrul | 2024 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2024，62，1： | 0 |
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