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| 1 | 制汁和灭菌方法对藕汁挥发性成分及香气的影响显示文摘莲藕汁因其特有的风味,多年来一直为消费者喜爱。为确定不同加工方式对藕汁风味的影响,采用压榨和匀浆2种方法制取生鲜莲藕汁,并分别进行了超高压(high pressure processing,HPP)(400 MPa,10 min)和高压蒸汽灭菌(autoclaving,AU)(121℃,15 min)2种灭菌处理。藕汁挥发性成分采用顶空固相微萃取与气质联机的方法进行了测定,并采用定量感官描述法对香气差异进行了分析。共检测出57种成分,其中醇类13种,醛类11种,酸类1种,酮类2种,烃类9种,酯类4种,含硫类3种,杂环类13种,肟类1种。压榨藕汁总峰面积在HPP和AU处理后分别增加6.89和19.53倍,而匀浆藕汁仅增加1.23和1.40倍。采用主成分分析法对挥发性成分和香气感官属性的相关性进行了分析,结果显示,压榨生鲜汁与其AU处理样品在主成分1方向距离最远,说明压榨汁对处理更为敏感。HPP处理样品与未灭菌样品聚集并以青草香为特点,相关成分有正辛醇、异戊醛等;AU处理可以增强总香气强度并体现为甜香、谷物香、果香,与硫化物、杂环类、烃类等成分密切相关。总体而言,制汁方式和灭菌方式的不同均会使挥发性成分和香气发生改变,而AU处理的影响大于HPP处理,尤其压榨汁表现更为明显。该研究为藕汁生产中风味的评价与调控提供借鉴。 | 顾艳阳 牛丽影 李大婧 刘春泉 肖丽霞 | 2022 | 食品与发酵工业2022，48，7： | 1 |
| 2 | Transient expression of SbDhr2 and MeHNL in Gossypium hirsutum for herbivore deterrence assay with Spodoptera litura显示文摘Background:Spodoptera litura(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),commonly known as tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm,is a polyphagous pest which causes considerable damage to cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)and other crops.Herbivore-induced defence response is activated in plants against chewing pests,in which plant secondary metabolites play an important role.Dhurrinase2(SbDhr2),a cyanogenicβ-glucosidase from Sorghum bicolor,is the key enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of dhurrin(cyanogenicβ-glucosidic substrate)to phydroxymandelonitrile.Hydroxynitrile lyase(Me HNL)from Mannihot esculanta catalyses the dissociation of cyanohydrins to hydrogen cyanide and corresponding carbonyl compound,both enzymes play a pivotal role in plant defence mechanism.Results:SbDhr2 and Me HNL genes were expressed individually and co-expressed transiently in cotton leaves.We examined the feeding response of S.litura to leaves in the choice assay.The S.litura population used in this study showed better feeding deterrence to leaves co-expressing both genes compared with the expression of an individual gene.Conclusion:Our results suggest that co-expression of SbDhr2 and Me HNL genes in cotton leaves demonstrate feeding deterrence to S.litura.Engineering cyanogenic pathway in aerial parts of cotton would be an additional defence strategy against generalist pests and can be enhanced against specialist pests. | MAHAJAN Chavi NASER Rafiuddin GUPTA Shantikumar | 2020 | Journal of Cotton Research2020，3，1： | 1 |
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