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| 1 | 甘青地区史前聚落地理研究现状与展望显示文摘甘肃、青海地区分布大量新石器至青铜时代聚落遗址,同时又具有生态系统脆弱性、自然环境多变性等特点,人类活动与自然环境之间表现出相互适应、相互影响、相互制约等多种关系。因此,以阐释聚落形态与环境演化关系为目标的区域史前聚落地理研究历来备受关注。甘青地区史前聚落地理研究主要集中在3个方面,包括聚落分布形态时空演化与环境关系研究、高海拔地区人类最早定居时间与机制研究和以喇家遗址为主的典型聚落废弃灾害性事件研究,表现出以宏观研究和专题研究为主的特征。甘青地区史前聚落地理研究还应加强微观尺度下的研究,包括小流域地貌演化与聚落分布关系研究、聚落内部结构与环境演化关系研究和早期聚落遗址景观复原研究等。通过这种从遗址到流域到区域、从点到线到面、从微观到中观到宏观的全方位、多角度综合研究,甘青地区的史前聚落形态与自然环境必将取得更大的进展,并在中华文明探源研究中发挥重要的作用。 | 邱士可 鲁鹏 陈盼盼 闫丽洁 秦小阳 杨柳 李拓宇 | 2019 | 地域研究与开发2019，38，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Refined chronology of prehistoric cultures and its implication for re-evaluating human-environment relations in the Hexi Corridor,northwest China显示文摘The reconstruction of high-resolution chronologies for prehistoric cultures is a prerequisite for understanding the history of human evolution and its relationship with environmental change, and is valuable for exploring the trajectory of transcontinental cultural exchanges in prehistoric time. The Hexi Corridor of northwest China was one of the earliest centers for long-distance culture exchange in the prehistoric world. The timing and sequence of cultural changes in this area remains poorly understood resulting from the lack of radiometric age control. This paper presents a refined radiocarbon(14 C) chronology to resolve the timing of human occupation and cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. Radiocarbon dating of crop remains, which have an annual life cycle, has the advantage of eliminating problems such as the carbon stored in ‘old wood’. As a result,14C dates from crop remains are used to test the validity of the14C dates derived from charcoal, bone and plant remains. The resultant database of ages is modelled using the Bayesian approach. The updated chronology presented in this paper shows generally good agreement with the original dates used to constrain cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. However, the occupation of the corridor by the Shajing and Shanma Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age cultures appears to have taken place ~300 years later than previously thought. On the basis of comparing this updated chronology of cultural evolution with palaeoclimatic and historical records, it is proposed that the collapse of the Shajing and Shanma cultures occurred as a result of geopolitical impact rather than climate change. | Yishi YANG Shanjia ZHANG Chris OLDKNOW Menghan QIU Tingting CHEN Haiming LI Yifu CUI Lele REN Guoke CHEN Hui WANG Guanghui DONG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，10： | 5 |
| 3 | 青海官亭盆地二方村遗址全新世土壤沉积物地层序列与OSL测年研究显示文摘通过野外考察观测,结合土壤学与沉积学多种指标测试分析,在官亭盆地喇家遗址东侧的二方村遗址建立了完整的全新世土壤沉积物地层序列。选择关键层位系统采集年代学样品,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR),进行光释光(OSL)年代测定,结合文化层考古断代,建立了可靠的土壤与沉积物地层年代框架。发现在全新世大暖期温暖湿润气候条件之下,以风成堆积为主的基础上,发育形成了肥沃疏松的黑垆土类古土壤,成为史前人类种植农业开发利用的宝贵资源。但是全新世大暖期后期全球性气候恶化背景条件下,在二方村遗址OSL年龄3940~3780a BP之间,对应喇家遗址14C年龄3850~3600a BP期间,官亭盆地发生多场大地震,加上全球气候恶化致使青藏高原边缘频繁发生强对流天气,造成大规模暴雨山洪泥流事件频繁发生,导致黑垆土发育的突然中断。黄河北岸第二级阶地的肥沃黑垆土类土壤被厚达1.0~4.0 m坚硬贫瘠的红色黏土覆盖。这不仅毁灭了以稷粟类谷物种植为主的喇家村齐家文化大型聚落(4150~3850a BP),也导致土壤与土地资源严重退化。由此可知,从4200a BP开始的全球性气候恶化,对青藏高原东北边缘环境敏感带造成了严重影响,灾害性地表过程造成了黄河第二级阶地土壤土地资源严重退化。这些都成为驱动官亭盆地在3600a BP时期辛店/卡约文化原始农牧混合型土地利用方式形成的重要因素。该研究结果对于深入理解青藏高原东北边缘资源环境演变、自然灾害以及人地关系演变规律等,都具有十分重要的科学价值。 | 陈莹璐 黄春长 周亚利 张玉柱 周亮 郭永强 周强 赵辉 王兆夺 炊郁达 羊俊敏 | 2019 | 地质学报2019，93，11： | 4 |
| 4 | Differentiations of geographic distribution and subsistence strategies between Tibetan and other major ethnic groups are determined by the physical environment in Hehuang Valley显示文摘The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. Due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical environment.Those ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationships of Tibetans and lead future research towards using quantitative methods to analyse the intersection of physical environment and ethnic groups' distribution. | Xin JIA Harry F.LEE Mengchun CUI Guoquan CHENG Yang ZHAO Hong DING Ricci P.H.YUE Huayu LU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，2： | 2 |
| 5 | 青藏高原东北部史前人类生存策略的区域差异及其影响因素显示文摘青藏高原不同海拔区域生存策略存在显著差异,相关研究对于揭示人类对高原极端环境的适应进程有重要意义。已有研究从不同视角和方法对青藏高原东北部生存策略进行了探讨,但对青藏高原东北部不同海拔区域间的生存策略差异及其影响研究仍较薄弱,尤其以数理模型开展生存策略的研究尤为缺乏。本文运用迈阿密模型,估算得出区域气候生产潜力的分布状况,并与筛选整理所得的15.0—2.0 ka BP期间各区遗址点(河湟谷地88处、青海湖—共和盆地19处及青南地区8处)动植物遗存及生产工具组合结果进行对比分析。结果显示:(1)研究区各区域的气候生产潜力与生业策略间存在较好的对应关系。河湟谷地是气候生产潜力高值区,从事粟黍农业为主、狩猎为辅的生业经济;青海湖—共和盆地是气候生产潜力较差区域,开展狩猎为主、农业为辅的生存方式;青南高原是气候生产潜力低值区,以畜牧和狩猎活动为主要生存策略。(2)结合研究区周边的全新世气候记录、考古等资料得出先民适应高原环境的模式,即细石器时代为初步适应、新石器时代为分异适应(低海拔区域为粟黍农业经济,高海拔地区是传统的狩猎采集经济)以及青铜时代为常年占据开发的全适应。(3)气候变化、粟黍农业发展、东西方文化交流及局部地理环境是起决定性作用的因素。本研究为人类生存策略的相关研究提供了新视角,并对青藏高原东北部史前人类对高原极端环境的开发利用情况提供了更详细的认识。 | 陈晓良 侯光良 金孙梅 高靖易 | 2021 | 山地学报2021，39，6： | 0 |
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