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| 1 | Dynamics of canopy-dwelling arthropods under different weed management options,including glyphosate,in conventional and genetically modified insect-resistant maize显示文摘The use of genetically modified varieties tolerant to herbicides(HT varieties)and resistant to insects(Bt varieties)in combination with application of a broad-spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate could be an effective option for the simultaneous control of weeds and pests in maize.Nevertheless,the possible impact of these tools on nontarget arthropods still needs to be evaluated.In a field study in central Spain,potential changes in populations of canopy-dwelling arthropods in Bt maize under different weed management options,including glyphosate application,were investigated.Canopy-dwelling arthropods were sampled by visual inspection and yellow sticky traps.The Bt variety had no effect on any group of studied arthropods,except for the expected case of corn borers—the target pests of Bt maize.Regarding the effects of herbicide regimes,the only observed difference was a lower abundance of Cicadellidae and Mymaridae on yellow sticky traps in plots not treated with pre-emergence herbicides.This effect was especially pronounced in a treatment involving two glyphosate applications.The decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots,which may have hindered colonization of the crop by leafhoppers.These differences,however,were only significant in the last year of the study.The low likelihood of the use of glyphosate-and herbicide-tolerant varieties for weed control triggering important effects on the nontarget arthropod fauna of the maize canopy is discussed. | Esteban García-Ruiz Guillermo Cobos Ismael Sánchez-Ramos Susana Pascual María-Cristina Chueca María-Concepción Escorial Inés Santín-Montanyá Íñigo Loureiro Manuel González-Núñez | 2021 | Insect Science2021，28，4： | 0 |
| 2 | Importance of functional classification in the use of carabids for the environmental risk assessment of the GE crops and other agricultural practices显示文摘Carabids(Coleoptera:Carabidae)seem to be suitable bioindicalors of the environmental impacts of novel agrotechnologies,including deployment of the genetically engineered(GE)crops.In this article,we describe our effort to employ carabids in the environmental risk assessment(ERA).GE maize MON88017,its near-isogenic hybrid nontreated or treated with the soil insccticide chlorpyrifos,and two reference hybrids were used to compare three different ways how to utilize carabids in ERA.The analysis of abundance of all captured carabids or of the most abundant carabid specics did not disclose any differences between the treatments.The analysis based on the categories of functional traits revealed distinct fecatures of some treatments and proved suitable for ERA because it permitted field data transportability in spite of different species compositions.Our results indicate that GE maize has no detrimental environmental effecl,On the other hand,we found significant trends toward lower abundance and lower species number(including analysis of all carabid species together)in plots treated with the insecticide,and some tendencies to higher abundance and higher species number in plots sown with the reference hybrid PR38N86.Using functional group indicators alows identification of unintended changes in ecological functions of agroecosystem and comparability across geographics.We recommend data evaluation at the level of the categories of functional traits in ERA of GE crops and other agricultural practices. | Zdenka Svobodova Oxana Skokova Habustova Lukas Spitzer Frantisek Sehnal | 2020 | Insect Science2020，27，2： | 0 |
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