| 1 | 天体生物学研究进展和发展趋势显示文摘天体生物学旨在研究宇宙演化背景下生命的起源、演化、分布和未来.天体生物学研究始于20世纪中期,已在生命起源、生命与环境协同演化、宜居环境、地外生命探测、生命星际传输、行星开发和保护等方面获得了一系列新发现和新认识,深刻改变了人们对生命和宜居环境的理解.天体生物学是一门交叉性和探索性很强的学科,其发展不仅推动了生命科学、地球科学、行星科学、空间科学、天文学等不同学科的交叉融合,也增强了科研人员与工程技术人员、科学家与公众之间的对话和沟通.近年来,我国探月工程取得了举世瞩目的成就,酝酿中的火星、木星等深空探测旨在探索浩瀚宇宙,给我国的天体生物学研究提出了更高要求.本文综述了国内外天体生物学的研究现状、主要方向、关键科学问题和研究进展等,并对我国的天体生物学研究提出了若干建议. | 林巍 李一良 王高鸿 潘永信 | 2020 | 科学通报2020，65，5： | 7 |
| 2 | Origins of building blocks of life: A review显示文摘How and where did life on Earth originate? To date, various environments have been proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a limited stage of chemical evolution, or emergence of a specific chemical function of proto-biological systems. It remains unclear what geochemical situations could drive all the stages of chemical evolution, ranging from condensation of simple inorganic compounds to the emergence of self-sustaining systems that were evolvable into modern biological ones. In this review, we summarize reported experimental and theoretical findings for prebiotic chemistry relevant to this topic, including availability of biologically essential elements(N and P) on the Hadean Earth, abiotic synthesis of life's building blocks(amino acids, peptides, ribose, nucleobases, fatty acids, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides), their polymerizations to bio-macromolecules(peptides and oligonucleotides), and emergence of biological functions of replication and compartmentalization. It is indicated from the overviews that completion of the chemical evolution requires at least eight reaction conditions of(1) reductive gas phase,(2) alkaline pH,(3) freezing temperature,(4)fresh water,(5) dry/dry-wet cycle,(6) coupling with high energy reactions,(7) heating-cooling cycle in water, and(8) extraterrestrial input of life's building blocks and reactive nutrients. The necessity of these mutually exclusive conditions clearly indicates that life's origin did not occur at a single setting; rather, it required highly diverse and dynamic environments that were connected with each other to allow intratransportation of reaction products and reactants through fluid circulation. Future experimental research that mimics the conditions of the proposed model are expected to provide further constraints on the processes and mechanisms for the origin of life. | Norio Kitadai Shigenori Maruyama | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，4： | 2 |
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