|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 孔隙结构对水稻土温室气体排放的影响显示文摘土壤结构影响水分和气体的运动和土壤生物活动,进而影响稻田温室气体排放。为探明土壤结构对水稻生长过程中温室气体排放的影响,选取江苏宜兴的湖白土和江西进贤的红壤性水稻土进行盆栽试验。设置不搅动(NP)、搅动(PD)和搅动后掰土回填(RP)3个处理。应用X射线CT成像技术分析不同处理土壤孔隙结构,通过静态箱法测定水稻生长过程中的温室气体排放。结果显示,PD处理降低了土壤大孔隙度和孔隙连通性,而NP及RP处理的大孔隙较多且连通度高。湖白土PD处理的CH_(4)排放量分别是NP处理的2.5倍和RP处理的14.6倍,相关分析表明湖白土CH_(4)的排放与大孔隙度呈显著负相关,表明大孔隙度升高会降低CH_(4)排放。红壤性水稻土NP处理的CH_(4)排放最高,可能是由于NP处理≤30μm的孔隙度最低,促进了CH_(4)的排放;PD处理提高了N_(2)O排放,相关分析表明N_(2)O排放总量和直径30~1000μm孔隙呈显著负相关。两种土壤RP处理全球增温潜势(GWP)强度以及CH_(4)总排放量均显著低于NP和PD处理。研究结果表明土壤孔隙结构的改变影响稻田温室气体的排放,通过改变耕作方式调节土壤结构可能是稻田CH_(4)和N_(2)O减排的途径之一。 | 孙钰翔 张广斌 房焕 张中彬 廖超林 周虎 | 2021 | 土壤2021，53，1： | 7 |
| 2 | Effects of Straw Incorporation Methods on Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions from a Wheat-Rice Rotation System显示文摘The incorporation of straw with a microbial inoculant(a mixture of bacteria and fungi, designed to accelerate straw decomposition)is being increasingly adopted within the agricultural sector in China. However, its effects on N and C trace gas emissions remain unclear.We conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of different straw incorporation methods(with and without microbial inoculant) in the wheat season on nitrous oxide(N_2O) and methane(CH_4) emissions from a wheat-rice rotation system in China.The treatments comprised N, P, and K fertilizers only(NPK), NPK plus rice straw(NPKS), NPKS plus Ruilaite microbial inoculant(NPKSR), and NPKS plus Jinkuizi microbial inoculant(NPKSJ). Rice straw incorporation before wheat sowing significantly decreased N_2O emissions during the wheat season and stimulated N_2O and CH_4 emissions during the subsequent rice season. Compared with the NPKS treatment, the NPKSR and NPKSJ treatments decreased N_2O emissions during the wheat season, but had no effect on N_2O or CH_4 emissions during the subsequent rice season. Annually, the two treatments were comparable regarding N_2O emissions.Although the global warming potentials of the NPKSR and NPKSJ treatments were lower than that of the NPKS treatment during the wheat season, no significant differences were observed during the subsequent rice season, or over the entire rotation cycle. The annual greenhouse gas intensity was slightly lower in the NPKSR and NPKSJ treatments than in the NPKS treatment. Overall, these results suggest that the incorporation of rice straw with a microbial inoculant in the wheat season was the best strategy tested for managing straw resources within the wheat-rice rotation system. | LIU Gang MA Jing YANG Yuting YU Haiyang ZHANG Guangbin XU Hua | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，2： | 7 |
| 3 | 脱甲河水系CH_4关键产生途径及其稳定碳同位素特征显示文摘为明确脱甲河溶存CH_4关键产生途径,明晰水系碳同位素组成及其分布特征,为小流域CH_4排放估算和减排提供数据支撑.利用双层扩散模型法估算了CH_4浓度和传输通量,研究了周年内脱甲河4级河段(S_1~S_4)水体CH_4通量的时空分布及其主控环境因子;运用稳定同位素方法探究了溶存CH_4关键产生途径,分析了溶解CH_4、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机质δ^(13)C分布特征.结果表明:水体pH均值为(7.27±0.03),各河段四季差异均显著;溶解氧(DO)在0.43~13.99 mg·L^(-1)内变化,S_1河段DO浓度最高且夏、秋季差异显著,其他河段均为冬与春、夏、秋季差异显著;可溶性有机碳(DOC)变化范围是0.34~8.32 mg·L^(-1),由S_1至S_4河段总体呈递增趋势;水体电导率(EC)和氧化还原电位(ORP)变化范围分别是17~436μS·cm^(-1)和-52.30~674.10 mV,各河段差异明显;铵态氮(NH_4^+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3^--N)浓度分别在0.30~1.35(平均0.90±0.10)mg·L^(-1)和0.82~2.45(平均1.62±0.16)mg·L^(-1)内变化.溶存CH_4浓度和传输通量变化范围分别是0~5.28(平均0.46±0.06)μmol·L^(-1)和-0.34~619.72(平均53.88±7.15)μg C·m^(-2)·h^(-1);均存在时空变化且变异规律相似,为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,S_2>S_3>S_4>S_1.通量与水体铵态氮和DOC浓度均呈显著正相关.各级河段均以乙酸发酵产甲烷途径为主导,但不同河段差异明显,乙酸发酵途径产CH_4贡献率以S_1河段最高(87%),其次为S_4(81%),S_2、S_3分别达到78%和76%.溶存CH_4、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机质的δ^(13)C均值分别为-41.64‰±1.91‰、-14.07‰±1.06‰和-26.20‰±1.02‰,溶存甲烷δ^(13)C与沉积物有机质的δ^(13)C呈显著正相关,与其传输通量呈极显著负相关. | 赵强 吕成文 秦晓波 吴红宝 万运帆 廖育林 鲁艳红 王斌 李勇 | 2018 | 应用生态学报2018，29，5： | 2 |
| 4 | 等养分投入下冬种紫云英比秸秆还田更有效抑制稻田CH4的产生和排放显示文摘【目的】比较冬种紫云英和水稻秸秆还田对稻田甲烷(CH_(4))产生、排放的影响,探究冬种紫云英的节肥效应和CH_(4)减排机制。【方法】田间试验在湖南省农业科学院高桥试验基地进行,种植制度为单季超级稻‘晶两优华占’。田间试验设置1个不施肥对照(CK)和5个等氮磷钾养分施肥处理:单施化肥(CF)、化肥+水稻秸秆全量还田(S)、化肥+紫云英全量还田(M)、化肥+秸秆和紫云英全量还田(MS)、化肥+秸秆和紫云英全量还田+熟石灰(MSC)。在水稻分蘖初期(2021年6月21日),采用密闭式静态暗箱监测稻田CH_(4)排放通量,通过底座侧面的接口采集田面水溶存CH_(4),同时每个小区按“S”形随机取0—20 cm土层土壤样品,一份用于测定理化性质,一份用于室内甲烷产生潜力和甲烷氧化潜力培养试验。【结果】1)田间试验中,供试稻田CH_(4)排放通量范围为5.70~26.65 mg/(m^(2)·h),虽然处理间差异未达显著水平,施肥处理的CH_(4)排放通量均高于CK,S、MS、MSC处理的CH_(4)排放通量又高于CF处理,在施肥处理中以M处理的CH_(4)排放通量最低。与S处理相比,M处理减少了13.78%的化肥氮量,折合尿素24.46 kg/hm^(2),CH_(4)排放通量降低了12.50%。供试稻田田面水溶存CH_(4)浓度范围为70.02~163.58 mg/kg,以MSC处理最高,其田面水溶存CH_(4)浓度比其他处理平均提高了30.68%。2)室内培养试验中,M处理的SOM和总碳含量分别比S处理提高了7.60%和7.55%,DOC含量降低25.99%。M处理的CH_(4)产生潜力和CH_(4)氧化潜力均最低,分别比其他5个处理平均降低61.04%和7.56%,比S处理降低83.16%和5.36%。M处理的乙酸发酵产CH_(4)途径比例比其它5个处理平均降低52.52%,比S处理降低53.49%。【结论】冬种并翻压紫云英可替代部分化肥投入,不仅减少了水稻生育早期土壤中的有效态氮,还减少了土壤中的可溶性有机碳含量,因而比秸秆还田更有效地促进稻田增碳和减少CH_(4)排放。紫云英全量还田处理主要抑制了乙酸型产甲烷过程。 | 陈洪儒 鲁艳红 廖育林 王斌 万运帆 王开悦 张志伟 聂军 秦晓波 | 2022 | 植物营养与肥料学报2022，28，8： | 2 |
| 5 | Responses of the methanogenic pathway and fraction of CH4 oxidization in a flooded paddy soil to rice planting显示文摘Rice planting(RP)is significant to methane(CH4_(4))emissions from paddy fields,but its effect on the relative contribution of the acetoclastic methanogenesis to total CH4_(4) production(F_(ac))and the fraction of CH4_(4) oxidized(Fox)is poorly understood.To quantify the responses of the F_(ac) and Fox to RP,we investigated CH4_(4) fluxes,CH4_(4) production and oxidation potentials,dissolved CH4_(4) concentrations,and their stable carbon isotopes in a flooded paddy soil.The mcrA and pmoA gene copies were also determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Compared with the unplanted soil(control,CK),the seasonal CH4_(4) emissions from the planted soil were significantly enhanced,13.6 times,resulting in large decreases in the CH4_(4) concentrations in the soil solution.This indicated that much more CH4_(4) was released into the atmosphere by the RP than was stored in the soils.Acetoclastic methanogenesis became more important from the tillering stage(TS)to the ripening stage(RS)for the CK,with F_(ac) values increased from 17%-20% to 46%-55%.With RP,the F_(ac) values were enhanced by 10%-20%,and it significantly increased the copy numbers of the mcrA gene at the four rice stages(TS,booting stage(BS),grain-filling stage(GS),and RS).Furthermore,the effect of the RP on the abundance of the mcrA gene was highly concurrent with the effect on the F_(ac) values.At the TS,the Fox values at the soil-water interface were around 50%-75% for the CK,being 15%-20% lower than those of the RP in the rhizosphere.It increased to 65%-100% at the GS,but was reduced by 20%-30% after the RP.These differences might be because the copy numbers of the pmoA gene were significantly raised at the TS while lowered at the GS by the RP.This was further demonstrated by the strong correlations between the effect of the RP on the abundance of the pmoA gene and the effect on the Fox values.These findings suggest that RP markedly impacts on the abundances of the mcrA and pmoA genes,affecting the pathway of CH4_(4) production and the fraction of CH4_(4) oxidization,respectively. | Yuting YANG Guangbin ZHANG Jing MA Qiong HUANG Haiyang YU Kaifu SONG Xiaoli ZHU Xi MIAO Hua XU | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，6： | 1 |
| 6 | 常年淹水稻田甲烷产生潜力和产生途径的季节变化显示文摘甲烷的减排问题已成为各国政府和科研人员关注的焦点。稻田是温室气体甲烷的重要排放源,甲烷产生是排放的前提条件,主要有乙酸发酵和CO_(2)/H_(2)还原两条途径。常年淹水稻田甲烷排放量高,减排潜力大,但关于这类稻田甲烷产生途径的季节变化规律尚少见报道。于四川省资阳市的常年淹水稻田,采集水稻4个重要生育期(分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期、成熟期)的新鲜土样,通过室内厌氧培养试验观测了甲烷产生潜力,并采用稳定性碳同位素方法和氟甲烷(CH_(3)F,2%)抑制法,量化CO_(2)/H_(2)产甲烷的碳同位素分馏系数(α(CO_(2)/CH_(4))),从而定量评估乙酸产甲烷途径的相对贡献率(ƒ_(乙酸))。结果表明:添加CH_(3)F显著降低甲烷产生,甲烷产生潜力在成熟期最大,变化范围为3.22~12.71μg·g^(-1)·d^(-1);产生CH_(4)的δ^(13)C值(δ^(13)CH_(4))为-66.83‰~-59.62‰,较添加CH_(3)F的δ^(13)CH_(4)显著偏正(-90.83‰~-82.26‰);α_(CO_(2)/CH_(4))在分蘖期最大,孕穗期最小,变化范围为1.064~1.076;ƒ_(乙酸)由分蘖期的54%~61%急剧下降至孕穗期的30%~35%,在成熟期又上升至54%~61%。进一步分析发现:甲烷产生潜力的季节变化与土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量的季节变化显著正相关,ƒ_(乙酸)的季节变化与土壤乙酸含量的季节变化显著正相关。综上,常年淹水稻田的甲烷产生潜力和产生途径均存在明显的季节变化,且分别主要受土壤DOC和乙酸含量的影响。 | 朱小莉 黄琼 宋开付 马静 张广斌 徐华 | 2023 | 土壤学报2023，60，2： | 0 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员