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| 1 | Structural variation during dog domestication: insights from gray wolf and dhole genomes显示文摘Several processes like phenotypic evolution, disease susceptibility and environmental adaptations, which fashion the domestication of animals, are largely attributable to structural variations(SVs) in the genome.Here, we present high-quality draft genomes of the gray wolf(Canis lupus) and dhole(Cuon alpinus) with scaffold N50 of 6.04 Mb and 3.96 Mb, respectively. Sequence alignment comprising genomes of three canid species reveals SVs specific to the dog, particularly 16 315 insertions, 2565 deletions, 443 repeats, 16 inversions and 15 translocations. Functional annotation of the dog SVs associated with genes indicates their enrichments in energy metabolisms, neurological processes and immune systems. Interestingly, we identify and verify at population level an insertion fully covering a copy of the AKR1 B1(Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B) transcript. Transcriptome analysis reveals a high level of expression of the new AKR1 B1 copy in the small intestine and liver, implying an increase in de novo fatty acid synthesis and antioxidant ability in dog compared to gray wolf, likely in response to dietary shifts during the agricultural revolution. For the first time, we report a comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary dynamics of SVs during the domestication step of dogs. Our findings demonstrate that retroposition can birth new genes to facilitate domestication, and affirm the importance of large-scale genomic variants in domestication studies. | Guo-Dong Wang Xiu-Juan Shao Bing Bai Junlong Wang Xiaobo Wang Xue Cao Yan-Hu Liu Xuan Wang Ting-Ting Yin Shao-Jie Zhang Yan Lu Zechong Wang Lu Wang Wenming Zhao Bing Zhang Jue Ruan Ya-Ping Zhang | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，1： | 3 |
| 2 | 家犬的前世今生显示文摘家犬俗称狗,被称为'人类最好的朋友',是世界上饲养率最高的宠物。现代分子学研究已确认家犬由石器时代的灰狼驯化而来,是第1种被人类驯化的家养动物,并形成了繁多而丰富的品种,因此家犬的驯化和品系化一直以来都是遗传学研究的热点。家犬与人类关系密切,甚至与人类有很多共患疾病,因此也成为关键的疾病研究模型。家犬不但在人类的生活和工作中扮演着不可或缺的角色,在生物学研究和医学研究中也有着十分重要的地位。 | 张少杰 王国栋 王璐 | 2018 | 生物学通报2018，53，1： | 0 |
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