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| 1 | 不同气候条件下桫椤在中国的潜在适生区分布显示文摘桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)对研究物种形成和植物地理区系、重建侏罗纪古生态环境、研究地质变迁具有重要参考价值。依据现有189个桫椤分布样点和21个环境数据,应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)和地理信息系统(GIS)软件预测末次间冰期、末次冰盛期、中全新世、现今以及未来(2070年)气候条件下桫椤潜在适生区影响因素、空间分布和变化规律。结果表明:1)桫椤潜在适生概率(P)高于0.5的环境条件为:昼夜温差月均值低于7.6℃、最冷月最低温为3-10℃、年温变化在21.5-27.5℃范围,年降水量1200-2100 mm、最干月降水量16-46 mm、降雨量变化方差在57-76区间,海拔160-800 m,坡度12-28°之间;末次间冰期至末次冰盛期,桫椤潜在适生区主要受最冷月最低温(高于-3℃)和最干月降水量(高于10 mm)影响,中全新世至2070年,还同时受降雨量变化方差(大于50)影响;2)桫椤潜在适生区主要位于中国约32°20′N以南的热带亚热带山地,末次间冰期至末次冰盛期,桫椤潜在适生区中心由广东中部向西北方向移动至广西北部且距离最远,末次冰盛期至2070年则由广西北部向东北方向的湖南西部移动;末次间冰期至2070年,Ⅱ(0.10.7)级潜在适生区平均海拔先升高、随后呈波浪状升降趋势;3)末次间冰期至2070年,潜在适生区总面积、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级潜在适生区面积均增多,在现今气候下达到最大,之后有所减少,Ⅱ级潜在适生区面积在末次间冰期至中全新世增多,中全新世至现今减少、随后增多;各级潜在适生区面积在海拔约300-400 m处达最大值;约77%-98%的Ⅱ-Ⅴ级潜在适生区分布于海拔1200 m以下,约81%-97%的Ⅳ、Ⅴ级潜在适生区分布于海拔800 m以下。本文研究结果可为保护桫椤应对气候变暖、引种栽培和保护区选址提供参考。 | 许斌 朱文泉 李培先 | 2020 | 生态学报2020，40，17： | 10 |
| 2 | Population structure,landscape genomics,and genetic signatures of adaptation to exotic disease pressure in Cornus florida L.-Insights from GWAS and GBS data显示文摘Understanding the consequences of exotic diseases on native forests is important to evolutionary ecology and conservation blology because exotlc pathogens have drastically altered US eastern deciduous forests.Cornus forida L(flowering dogwood tree)is one such species facing heavy mortality.Characterizing the genetic structure of C florida populations and identifying the genetic signature of adaptation to dogwood anthracnose(an exotic pathogen responsible for high mortality)remain vital for conservation fforts.By integrating genetic data from genotype by sequencing(GBS)of 289 trees across the host species range and distribution of disease,we evaluated the spatial patterns of genetic variation and population genetic structure of C.florida and compared the pattern to the distribution of dogwood anthracnose.Using genome wide association study and gradient forest analysis,we identified genetic loci under selection and associated with ecological and diseased regions.The results revealed signals of weak genetic diferentlation of three or more subgroups nested within two clsters-explaining up to路6%of genetic varlation.The groups largely corresponded to the regions within and outside the eastern Hot Continental ecoregion,which also overlapped with areas within and outside the main distribution of dogwood anthracnose.The fungal sequences contained in the GBS data of sampled trees bolstered visual records of disease at sampled locations and were congruent with the reported range of Discula destructiwa,suggesting that fungal sequences within-host genomic data were informative for detecting or predicting disease.The genetic diversity between populations at diseased vs.disease free sites across the range of C florida showed no signifiant diference.We identified 72 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from 68 loci putatively under selection,some of which exhibited abrupt turnover in alele frequencies along the borders of the Hot-Continental ecoregion and the range of dogwood anthracnose.One such candidate SNP was independently identifed in two prior studies as a possible L-type lecti-domain containing receptor kinase.Although diseased and disease-free areas do not signifcantly dilfer in genetic diversity,overall there are slight trends to indicate marginally smaller amounts of genetic diversity in diseaseafected areas.Our results were congruent with previous studies that were based on a limited number of genetic markers in revealing high genetic variation and weak population structure in C florida. | Andrew L.Pais Ross WWhetten Qiu-Yun(Jenny)Xiang | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，5： | 3 |
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