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| 1 | Symbiotic bacteria attenuate Drosophila oviposition repellence to alkaline through acidification显示文摘Metazoans harbor a wealth of symbionts that are ever-changing the environment by taking up resources and/or excreting metabolites.One such common environmental modification is a change in pH.Conventional wisdom holds that symbionts facilitate the survival and production of their hosts in the wild,but this notion lacks empirical evidence.Here,we report that symbiotic bacteria in the genus Enterococcus attenuate the oviposition avoidance of alkaline environments in Drosophila.We studied the effects of alkalinity on oviposition preference for the first time,and found that flies are robustly disinclined to oviposit on alkali-containing substrates.This innate repulsion to alkaline environments is explained,in part,by the fact that alkalinity compromises the health and lifespan of both offspring and parent Drosophila.Enterococcus dramatically diminished or even completely reversed the ovipositional avoidance of alkalinity in Drosophila.Mechanistically,Enterococcus generate abundant lactate during fermentation,which neutralizes the residual alkali in an egg-laying substrate.In conclusion,Enterococcus protects Drosophila from alkali stress by acidifying the ovipositional substrate,and ultimately improves the fitness of the Drosophila population.Our results demonstrate that symbionts are profound factors in the Drosophila ovipositional decision,and extend our understanding of the intimate interactions between Drosophila and their symbionts. | Wei Liu Jie Wang Hong-Yu Zhang Ying-Chun Yang Ru-Xue Kang Peng Bai Hui Fu Li-Rong Chen Yan-Ping Gao Eng King Tan | 2021 | Insect Science2021，28，2： | 1 |
| 2 | 共生菌通过氧气浓度调控果蝇产卵偏嗜性显示文摘【目的】研究东方醋杆菌(Acetobacter orientalis)和短小乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)通过氧气浓度调控黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)产卵的偏嗜性,并研究其对后代存活率和发育历期的生物学意义。【方法】利用双相选择装置解析果蝇产卵行为。利用分光光度仪和pH计测量细菌的OD值与pH值。通过改变果蝇的视觉、味觉和嗅觉感官以检测介导果蝇产卵行为的感觉系统。用后代的发育历期与存活率评价其生物学意义。【结果】果蝇产卵对东方醋杆菌具有趋避性,产卵指数为–0.76,对短小乳杆菌具有趋向性,产卵指数为0.5,并且二者接种比例决定了果蝇的产卵选择。氧气作为一个调节因子,可改变果蝇对东方醋杆菌和短小乳杆菌的产卵偏嗜性。氧气是东方醋杆菌生长必需的条件,有氧培养的OD值为1.3,而无氧培养的OD值为0.4。氧气是短小乳杆菌生长非必需的条件,有氧和无氧培养的OD值均为2.2。破坏嗅觉可严重地影响果蝇对细菌的产卵偏嗜性。东方醋杆菌和短小乳杆菌均促进了果蝇的生长,分别提高存活率1倍和1.5倍,分别缩短果蝇发育历期1 d和2 d。【结论】东方醋杆菌和短小乳杆菌可影响果蝇产卵偏嗜性,并且二者比例决定了果蝇的最终产卵选择。东方醋杆菌和短小乳杆菌通过感知氧气浓度的改变而进行不同的代谢方式,从而进一步调节果蝇产卵选择。嗅觉系统介导果蝇对东方醋杆菌和短小乳杆菌的产卵选择行为,从而提高后代存活率和缩短发育时间。 | 金虹云 潘梦瑶 王明亮 闫琴 李耀星 赵锐 张恒 白芃 刘威 | 2020 | 微生物学报2020，60，5： | 1 |
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