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| 1 | 氮改性对生物炭理化性质的影响及其对废水中铜离子的吸附特性显示文摘原状生物炭对废水中污染物的去除效果有限,改性是提高其吸附能力的重要途径.本文以水稻秸秆为对象,尿素为改性剂,在700℃无氧热解条件下分别制备了原状秸秆生物炭(RSBC)和氮改性秸秆生物炭(N-RSBC),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)、元素分析仪(EA)、Zeta电位、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对RSBC和N-RSBC的形貌、比表面积、元素组成、矿物类型和官能团进行表征,考察溶液初始pH值、离子类型和离子强度对生物炭吸附Cu^(2+)的影响,并结合吸附等温线和吸附动力学实验、吸附后表征结果探究生物炭对废水中Cu^(2+)的吸附性能和机理.结果表明,氮改性导致了生物炭的比表面积和孔体积的降低,而生物炭的官能团类型却更加丰富,特别是含氮官能团.当溶液初始pH值从2.0增加到6.0,生物炭对于Cu^(2+)的去除率逐渐增加.对RSBC而言,Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的存在能略微增加其对Cu^(2+)的去除率.相反的是,Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的存在却降低了氮改性生物炭对Cu^(2+)的去除率.拟二级动力学模型和Freundlich模型能较好的拟合生物炭吸附Cu2+的过程.RSBC和N-RSBC对Cu^(2+)最大吸附量分别为24.46 mg·g^(-1)和40.56 mg·g^(-1).络合作用、静电作用、离子交换和阳离子-π机制是生物炭吸附Cu^(2+)的主要机理,氮改性可以提高生物炭对Cu^(2+)的络合和静电作用.因此,氮改性生物炭有潜力应用于废水中Cu^(2+)的去除. | 梅杨璐 徐晋 张寅 李斌 范世锁 唐俊 周娜 | 2022 | 环境化学2022，41，5： | 8 |
| 2 | Responses of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity to Incorporation of Straws and Straw Biochars and Their Effects on Soil Respiration and Soil Organic Carbon Turnover显示文摘Like straw, biochar incorporation can influence soil microorganisms and enzyme activities and soil carbon(C) responses;however,few studies have compared the various effects of straw and biochar and the underlying mechanisms. An experiment was performed to study the changes in soil respiration(SR) and soil organic C(SOC) fluxes in response to the incorporation of three kinds of straw(reed, smooth cordgrass, and rice) and their pyrolyzed products(biochars) at Chongming Island, China. In addition, the microbial activity and community structure of some amended soils were also analyzed to clarify the mechanisms of these responses. The results showed that all biochar incorporation(BC) induced lower SR than the corresponding unpyrolyzed straw incorporation(ST), and the average SR in the soils following BC and ST during the experimental periods was 21.69 and 65.32 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1, respectively.Furthermore, the average SOC content was 16.97 g kg-1 following BC, which was higher than that(13.71 g kg-1) following ST,indicating that compared to ST, BC was a low-C strategy, even after accounting for the C loss during biochar production. Among the BC treatments, reed-BC induced the lowest SR(17.04 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1), whereas smooth cordgrass-BC induced the highest SR(27.02 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1). Furthermore, in contrast with ST, BC significantly increased the abundance of some bacteria with poorer mineralization or better humification ability, which led to lower SR. The lower easily oxidizable C(EOC) and higher total C contents of biochars induced lower SR and higher SOC in the soil following BC compared to that following ST. Among the BC treatments,the higher total nitrogen content of rice biochar led to significantly higher soil microbial biomass, and the lower EOC content of reed biochar led to lower soil microbial activity and SR. | TIAN Xiaoping WANG Lei HOU Yahong WANG Han TSANG Yiu Fai WU Jihua | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，4： | 7 |
| 3 | 不同地区油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对酸性红壤的改良效果显示文摘从江西鹰潭、安徽宣城、江苏南京和淮阴等4个地区收集油菜秸秆,在500℃下厌氧热解制备生物质炭,比较生物质炭的pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量的差异,并在20 g/kg加入量下考察其对安徽宣城pH 4.1的酸性红壤改良效果。结果表明,江西鹰潭油菜秸秆炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量最低,安徽宣城油菜秸秆炭次之,江苏淮阴和南京油菜秸秆炭的相应参数值最高。当用这4种油菜秸秆炭改良土壤酸度时,改良效果表现为江苏淮阴>江苏南京>安徽宣城>江西鹰潭,与生物质炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量一致。因此,利用秸秆生物质炭改良土壤酸度时,不仅需要考虑炭化条件和秸秆类型,作物的产地差异也需要进行考量。 | 董颖 邵捷 徐仁扣 王辉 赵震杰 姜军 | 2020 | 土壤2020，52，1： | 4 |
| 4 | 成型秸秆炭吸附剂对水中Cd^(2+)的去除特性显示文摘以水稻秸秆为原料,制取对Cd^(2+)去除效果最佳的成型生物炭吸附剂。采取限氧升温方法,分析不同热解温度和不同热解时间的成型炭对Cd^(2+)去除规律和特性。研究结果表明:热解温度不变,热解时间90 min去除率最大;热解时间不变,热解温度550℃时去除率最大;去除速率分快、慢两阶段,快阶段2 h内去除率最低达到76.83%,慢阶段10 h去除率仅20%左右;该成型炭对Cd^(2+)吸附规律可用准二级动力模型进行拟合,拟合度R_(max)~2=0.987 2,该成型炭对Cd^(2+)吸附不是单层吸附过程,而存在大量的阳离子交换量,化学反应较强烈。 | 冯康 王黎明 王妍玮 赵亚杰 曲庆峰 | 2017 | 环境工程学报2017，11，10： | 3 |
| 5 | Impacts of chicken manure and peat-derived biochars and inorganic P alone or in combination on phosphorus fractionation and maize growth in an acidic ultisol显示文摘The forms of phosphorus(P)in animal manure and peat are different from synthetic P fertilizers and will affect soil P fractions when they are used as P amendments.Effects of chicken manure(CMB)and peat(PB)derived biochars(CMB and PB)alone or in combination with P fertilizer(KH_(2)PO_(4))and rock phosphate(RP)on plant/soil health and soil P fractions in an acidic ultisol were examined with greenhouse pot experiments.The total P rate was constant at 120 mg kg^(−1) in all treatments.Soil P fractions,P uptake,and maize growth were determined after 56 days.Application of CMB combined with P fertilizer or alone significantly increased soil pH,water extractable and relatively labile P,dry matter yield of maize,chlorophyll contents in maize leaves,while decreasing the Fe and Al binding P.Moreover,sole application of CMB and PB showed greater effects than application of P fertilizer alone regarding plant growth and P fractionation.Integration of syn-thetic inorganic P sources with CMB or sole application of CMB is more beneficial than application of inorganic P sources to improve plant growth and P availability. | Muhammad Aqeel Kamran Ren-Kou Xu Jiu-yu Li Jung Jiang Ren-Yong Shi | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，3： | 1 |
| 6 | 生物炭对废水中铜离子吸附的研究进展:改性方法与吸附机制显示文摘废水中的重金属铜离子(Cu(Ⅱ))会污染水体生态环境,并会通过食物链对人体健康造成潜在危害。生物炭可作为废水中Cu(Ⅱ)去除的有效吸附剂。然而,原状生物炭对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量有限,需要对生物炭进行定向改性以提升其去除效果。以废水中的Cu(Ⅱ)为对象,重点论述生物炭的改性方法和吸附机制。结果表明,生物炭的主要改性方法包括化学改性(酸、碱、高分子聚合物改性)、物理改性(球磨和气体活化)、金属改性(铁、锰改性)、矿物质改性和高分子聚合物改性等。改性方法对Cu(Ⅱ)去除效果的次序是:纳米羟基磷灰石改性>含氨基有机酸改性>锰改性>铁改性>碱改性。生物炭吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的主要机制包括孔隙扩散、静电作用、沉淀作用、配位作用、阳离子-π机制、离子交换和还原作用,具体的主导机制取决于生物炭的物化性质和溶液的性质。将来的研究方向包括:采取更为有效的改性方法提高对废水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的去除效果;利用先进的仪器和模型计算揭示微观机制;开展动态吸附柱或固定床试验。 | 刘丽 范世锁 梅杨璐 | 2023 | 化学试剂2023，45，5： | 0 |
| 7 | Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cadmium Ion by Ash-Free Biochars显示文摘The aim of this study was to investigate adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium ion(Cd(II))by ash-free biochars and the adsorption mechanism.Biochars were prepared using peanut shell,bamboo,and Sophora japonica Linn.Ash-free biochars were obtained by treating the biochars with acid elution.Adsorption and desorption data from batch experiments were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models and three adsorption kinetics models(i.e.,the Pseudo second-order,Elovich model,and the Intraparticle diffusion models).Results showed that the acid elution improved the pore structure of biochars,increased C content and aromatic functional group content,enhanced biochars hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity for Cd(II).Ash-free peanut shell biochar showed the best Cd(II)adsorption performance among the biochars.Adsorption of ash-free peanut shell biochar reached the equilibrium within 6 h with adsorption capacity of 34.2 mg/g.The adsorption conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The Cd(II)removal efficiency achieved 91.7%with the optimized condition:initial concentration of Cd(II)of 50 mg/L,pH of 5,adsorption time of 12 h,and temperature of 15°C.Isothermal adsorption of Cd(II)by the six biochars was best described with the Langmuir model,indicating that the adsorption was a physical-chemical composite process.The desorption isotherm showed the hysteresis between adsorption and desorption.The main mechanism of Cd(II)adsorption of the ash-free biochars was a complex interaction of physical and chemical reactions,mainly including electrostatic adsorption,cationic-π,and ligand exchange. | Li Fu Xianying Xu Guiquan Fu Renduo Zhang Hujun Liu | 2020 | Journal of Renewable Materials2020，8，7： | 0 |
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