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| 1 | An overview on biochar production, its implications, and mechanisms of biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics显示文摘The degradation of soil fertility and quality due to rapid industrialization and human activities has stimulated interest in the rehabilitation of low-fertility soils to sustainably improve crop yield. In this regard, biochar has emerged as an effective multi-beneficial additive that can be used as a medium for the amelioration of soil properties and plant growth. The current review highlights the methods and conditions for biochar production and the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, and retention time on the physicochemical properties of biochar. We also discuss the impact of biochar as a soil amendment with respect to enhancing soil physical (e.g., surface area, porosity, ion exchange, and water-holding capacity) and chemical (e.g., pH, nutrient exchange,functional groups, and carbon sequestration) properties, improving the soil microbiome for increased plant nutrient uptake and growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing infectious diseases in plants, and facilitating the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The possible mechanisms for biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics are also described, and we consider the challenges associated with biochar utilization. The findings discussed in this review support the feasibility of expending the application of biochar to improve degraded soils in industrial and saline-alkali regions, thereby increasing the usable amount of cultivated soil. Future research should include long-term field experiments and studies on biochar production and environmental risk management to optimize biochar performance for specific soil remediation purposes. | Fasih Ullah HAIDER Jeffrey ACOULTER Liqun CAI Saddam HUSSAIN Sardar Alam CHEEMA Jun WU Renzhi ZHANG | 2022 | Pedosphere2022，32，1： | 2 |
| 2 | 生物炭对土壤微生物影响的研究进展显示文摘生物炭的施用改变了土壤的理化性质,刺激了土壤微生物的活动,从而影响土壤质量和植物生长。通过研究生物炭对土壤微生物的影响,可以更好地理解生物炭与土壤以及植物之间的相互作用具有重要的意义。然而,生物炭对土壤特性的研究比较多,但对土壤微生物的研究比较少。本文主要从以下几个方面进行相关介绍:(1)生物炭施用对土壤理化性质的影响;(2)生物炭施用对土壤微生物生长的影响;(3)生物炭施用对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响;(4)生物炭施用对土壤微生物酶活性、微生物活性和生态功能的影响。主要论述了生物炭对土壤微生物的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了预测,为中国农田生态系统的建设和发展奠定了基础。 | 刘金灵 张亚茹 王宇光 耿贵 | 2023 | 中国农学通报2023，39，26： | 0 |
| 3 | Termites Improve the Horizontal Movement of Carbonized Particles:A Step towards Sustainable Utilization of Biochar显示文摘Soil amendments containing carbonized materials increase the soil carbon reservoir,influence plant productivity,and,ultimately,help to clean the environment.There is data on the effect of such additions on soil physicochemical properties or plant growth,but few studies have focused on how these carbonized materials are distributed by termite species in the soil ecosystem.It is the first comprehensive study of the transportation of biochar(BC)by termite species under tropical environmental conditions in Pakistan.The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that if termite species I)were involved in the distribution of biochar particles II)if yes,then how far these particles were transported during the study period(10 days)and III)check their preference between the enriched BC(EBC)and non-enriched BC.BC was enriched with the cattle slurry after its pyrolysis in the study.The results showed that EBC particles were significantly more widely distributed than non-enriched BC particles,but both types of BC were transported more than 4 cm(ring 4)within 10 days(at the end of the experiment).The current study also revealed that EBC was easily attached to the setae,cuticle,and legs of termites,implying that it could potentially be transported over a greater distance.Furthermore,transportation of EBC over larger distances indicated a potential preference of termite species between the EBC and BC particles.During the study,however,the preference among the termite species was also observed.Under the prevailing study conditions,the Coptotermes heimi and Heteroterme indicola species transported the EBC further than Microtermes obesi and Odontotermes obesus.These findings revealed that transportation preferences were observed among the four termite species.In conclusion,the current study found that termites were involved in the distribution of BC particles,with a preference for EBC and that these have the potential to transport BC particles more than 4 cm within 10 days.Furthermore,two species Coptotermes heimi and Heteroterme indicola may be more suitable candidates for EBC transpiration in Pakistani soils.It was necessary to conduct additional research into the effect of temperature on the transportation process. | Mazhar Ali Nasir Masood Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed Ibrahim Al-Ashkar Khalid F.Almutairi Liyun Liu Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar Karthika Rajendran Ayman EL Sabagh | 2022 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2022，91，10： | 0 |
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