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| 1 | 生物炭影响作物生长及其与化肥混施的增效机制研究进展显示文摘利用秸秆型生物炭进行还田改土不仅具有提升作物产量的潜力,而且能够产生明显的环境效益,现已成为当今国内外农业领域的研究热点.本文综述了近年来国内外有关生物炭添加影响作物生长的分子调控机制研究,尤其关注了生物炭与作物根系的互作效应;介绍了生物炭与化肥混施的生物学效应及可能的增效机制;展望了今后的研究方向,以期促进我国相关领域的研究.国内外的最新研究表明:生物炭土壤添加改善植物生长的关键是生长素相关信号转导分子,通过促进植物细胞扩增、细胞壁松弛、水及营养的转运等相关基因的表达,有利于植物的新陈代谢及生长.生物炭及其与根系的相互作用能够直接或间接地影响土壤物理、化学、生物因子,从而在炭、肥互作增效过程中起主导调控作用. | 刘悦 黎子涵 邹博 孙圣仪 郭鉴增 孙彩霞 | 2017 | 应用生态学报2017，28，3： | 46 |
| 2 | 东北地区秸秆生物炭利用潜力、产业模式及发展战略研究显示文摘东北地区耕地广袤、秸秆资源量巨大,作为战略性新兴产业,生物炭技术及其产业化有助于系统综合解决东北地区存在的秸秆焚烧、利用及土壤退化等突出问题,是当今研究领域热点。本文在系统分析近20年东北秸秆资源动态变化、可利用资源量及发展趋势基础上,探讨了东北地区秸秆生物炭利用的资源基础、技术途径及发展潜力,从产业化视角综合分析评述了东北秸秆生物炭产业发展的基础、条件与优势、市场及开发潜力等,认为东北地区秸秆生物炭利用的资源丰富,产业化条件成熟,发展潜力与空间巨大,对促进东北秸秆资源化高效利用、耕地质量提升及农业可持续发展具有重要意义和价值,并结合农业、经济和社会发展实际,构建了基于全产业链的东北秸秆生物炭产业模式,提出了东北生物炭产业发展建议,旨在为解决东北地区秸秆处理和农业生产现实问题,促进生物炭产业健康、稳定发展提供参考。 | 张伟明 陈温福 孟军 金梁 郭伟 赵洪亮 | 2019 | 中国农业科学2019，52，14： | 39 |
| 3 | 生物质炭对辣椒果实品质和产量的影响显示文摘在日光温室条件下,通过研究不同用量生物质炭对辣椒产量和品质的影响,为辣椒优质高效生产提供理论依据。以精选羊角椒为对象,添加不同用量的生物质炭,在辣椒成熟期测定辣椒产量、感官品质、安全品质、营养品质及质构特性。在整个成熟期,添加少量的生物质炭可以增加产量,过量则会造成减产,减产率甚至达到33.21%。在辣椒感官品质方面,添加生物质炭后,果长会减小,果径会增大,果形指数变化不大;处理2(NPK)的单果质量最大,与处理1(ck)差异不显著,但是添加生物质炭后,与处理2(NPK)相比,单果质量会降低。在辣椒安全品质方面,添加生物质炭处理的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量均高于处理2(NPK),并且硝酸盐含量显著高于处理2(NPK),甚至接近我国蔬菜硝酸盐最大允许量432 mg/kg。在辣椒营养品质方面,处理2(NPK)的可滴定酸含量显著低于其他处理,并且其可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于其他添加生物质炭的处理,各处理的维生素C含量没有显著差异。在辣椒质构特性方面,从新鲜度和贮藏期角度分析,添加生物质炭的处理不如处理1(ck)和处理2(NPK),但是,处理间的参数变化不大。综上,添加少量生物质炭可以增加辣椒产量,过量则会减产,与处理2(NPK)相比添加生物质炭对辣椒品质有不良影响,同时还增加成本,所以生物质炭并不适用于多年棚室辣椒的栽培。 | 李泽锋 李娜 刘金华 张忠庆 王鸿斌 杨靖民 陆水凤 | 2016 | 吉林农业大学学报2016，38，6： | 7 |
| 4 | Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol显示文摘Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use effciency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars(BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar(BC1), branches of mango tree biochar(BC2), and rice husk biochar(BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) fertilizers.The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil(Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control;ii) full dose of NPK(a commercial compound fertilizer(12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O)+ urea(46% N));iii) BC1+ half dose of NPK;iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK;v) BC2 + half dose of NPK;vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK;vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK;and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9%(weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly(P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2,while cation exchange capacity(CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1;BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied. | Rogerio Borguete Alves RAFAEL Maria Luisa FERNANDEZ-MARCOS Stefania COCCO Maria Letizia RUELLO Flavio FORNASIER Giuseppe CORTI | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，3： | 6 |
| 5 | 单季施用生物炭提高土壤肥力及小麦玉米轮作周年产量显示文摘在全球变暖的背景下,生物炭在固碳减排、持水保肥、提高作物产量等方面发挥重要作用,而在小麦玉米轮作系统中关于生物炭施用对土壤养分持留及作物产量持续影响尚不明确。为探明单季生物炭还田对鲁西平原石灰性潮土区冬小麦—夏玉米轮作系统土壤养分及作物产量的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置4(B1)、8(B2)、16(B3)、24(B4)、32(B5)、40(B6)t/hm^(2)等6种不同的玉米秸秆生物炭(450℃)施用量,以未施用生物炭作为对照(CK),研究冬小麦单季施用生物炭对土壤养分、冬小麦及夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭可以提高土壤养分含量,而对土壤pH值、电导率(EC)和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量的影响与对照相比差异不显著,B6处理显著提高了土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、速效钾(AK)、有机碳(SOC)及水溶性有机碳(DOC)的含量。施用生物炭可以增加冬小麦—夏玉米籽粒产量,冬小麦季B4处理显著增产50.82%,夏玉米季B3、B4、B5、B6处理分别显著增产45.62%、54.69%、57.97%、65.24%。冬小麦—夏玉米周年产量与土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N、AK、SOC、DOC含量呈显著或极显著正相关。综合生物炭施用对土壤肥力、冬小麦—夏玉米籽粒产量及生物炭还田成本等方面进行分析,在冬小麦单季生物炭还田条件下,鲁西平原石灰性潮土区施用24 t/hm^(2)玉米秸秆生物炭有利于冬小麦—夏玉米轮作系统作物产量的增加及土壤肥力的提升。 | 郑云珠 孙树臣 | 2022 | 江苏农业科学2022，50，20： | 3 |
| 6 | Nutrient uptake,maximum yield production,and economic return of maize under deficit irrigation with biochar and inorganic fertiliser amendments显示文摘The individual and combined effects of biochar(B)and inorganic fertiliser(F)have all been widely proofed to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth and yield under irrigation(I)and rain fed conditions.However,the strength of their individual and combined effects on crop productivity has been scarcely reported.In addition,few studies have assessed their individual and co-application effects on economic returns.Therefore,a 2-year field experiment which consisted of factorial combination of irrigation(I)[100%full irrigation(FI),80%FI and 60%FI],biochar(0 and 20 t/ha)and fertiliser(0 and 300 kg/ha)was conducted.According to the results,irrigation was the dominant factor that influences maize grain yield,followed by inorganic fertiliser and biochar,and they were all significant in their main effects.The strength of interaction effects among,I,F and B on maize grain yield follow the sequence F×I>B×F>B×I.The economic analysis showed that the ternary combination of B,F and I was more economical than the binary combination of B plus I,and F plus I(in that order),when compared with the standalone application of I at maximum production in the field experiment.In addition,combined applications of biochar and fertiliser improved soil nutrients,nutrient uptake in all irrigation treatments,compared to the standalone applications of biochar or fertiliser.Further research is,therefore,recommended for long-term evaluation of the economic viability of integrating biochar with fertiliser under irrigation. | Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi Michael Olarewaju Alatise Babatunde Sunday Ewulo Rainer Horn | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，4： | 2 |
| 7 | 施用生物炭和复合肥对桢楠生长及养分吸收的影响显示文摘为促进生物炭在林业生产中的科学应用,采用野外林地试验,设置不施肥(CK)、施用复合肥200 g(F)、稻壳生物炭300 g(RB)、木屑生物炭300 g(WB)、稻壳生物炭300 g+复合肥200 g(RBF)、木屑生物炭300 g+复合肥200 g(WBF)等6种施肥处理,探究不同处理对桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)生长和养分吸收的影响。结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,单施稻壳生物炭能显著增加桢楠的叶面积,促进叶对N的吸收;单施木屑生物炭能显著增加桢楠株高增长量、根生物量和叶面积,显著促进叶对N、P的吸收和根对K的吸收,但显著抑制茎对P的吸收。与单施复合肥处理相比,稻壳生物炭与复合肥配施能显著增加桢楠株高增长量、叶面积,促进叶对N的吸收;而木屑生物炭与复合肥配施能显著增加桢楠茎生物量、叶面积,促进根对K的吸收,但显著抑制茎对N的吸收。综上,单施木屑生物炭、木屑生物炭与复合肥配施在一定程度上能促进桢楠的生长和养分吸收,可作为桢楠造林的备选基质。 | 邓洪涛 肖琳 冯为迅 黎荣彬 白昆立 李其斌 曾曙才 | 2023 | 广西科学2023，30，5： | 0 |
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