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| 1 | 南海北部晚新生代岩浆活动的发育特征与构造意义显示文摘南海北部陆缘具有极其独特的岩浆活动特征,其岩浆活动在大陆张裂和破裂期间表现的较为薄弱,而在裂后期尤其是海底扩张停止之后的晚新生代时期却变得极为强烈。通过总结南海北部晚新生代玄武岩浆的岩石学、年代学、地球物理学等方面的研究成果,从发育规模、物质属性、构造模式以及通道特征等方面系统揭示了岩浆活动的发育特征及其隐含的构造意义。结果显示:(1)南海北部晚新生代玄武岩均显示洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的物质属性,且与世界典型热点火山OIB具有相似的同位素分布范围;(2)南海北部海底火山的侵入和喷出体积量与世界典型的大火成岩省具有可对比性;(3)岩石圈伸展过程中所形成的张性断裂可能为后期玄武岩浆的活动提供了良好的通道;(4)沉积地层中所发现的岩脉与岩墙复合体与海底火山活动应该具有相同的岩浆来源;(5)全球和区域地震层析成像结果均显示了一条清晰的深部低速通道,暗示了南海北部晚新生代玄武岩浆活动可能与深部地幔柱存在紧密联系。 | 夏少红 范朝焰 孙金龙 曹敬贺 赵芳 万奎元 | 2017 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2017，37，6： | 9 |
| 2 | 基于重处理数据的南海西北次海盆地壳速度结构显示文摘南海西北次海盆的深部地壳结构特征对于理解西北次海盆洋陆转换带属性及岩浆活动过程至关重要.OBS2006-2是一条平行于西北次海盆残余扩张脊的广角反射/折射地震测线,文章在原来数据基础上,增加了该测线上重新解编的2台OBS数据,展开了震相重新追踪与走时成像,获得了该测线下方地壳速度结构.分析结果表明:(1)重新处理后的深部结构模型更加可靠;(2)沿NEE测线方向沉积基底变化较大可能与扩张后期较强的岩浆活动有关,Moho面埋深变化剧烈(23.5~11.8km),地壳厚度(20.5~6.5km)表现了由陆壳(西沙地块)到洋壳(西北次海盆)的变化;(3)模型中洋陆转换带宽度为~20km,Moho面埋深由15.0km剧烈抬升变浅到11.0km,地壳底部发育有~2km厚的高速层(7.2~7.4km s-1),地壳厚度(6~10km)在COT区间减薄~4km,表现为陆壳与洋壳的迅速转变.双峰海山的样品定年数据认为其形成于~23Ma,属于海盆停止扩张后的岩浆活动,具有9km厚的洋壳,其形成机制推测为在浮力驱动减压熔融作用下岩浆沿着先存的构造薄弱带上涌形成. | 王强 赵明辉 张浩宇 张佳政 贺恩远 袁野 丘学林 | 2020 | 中国科学:地球科学2020，50，11： | 6 |
| 3 | 南海海盆残留扩张中心地壳速度结构对比及构造意义显示文摘南海西北、西南和东部3个次海盆停止扩张之后都存在岩浆活动,扩张中心有多个海山.为了研究海山和扩张中心的地壳结构特征,本文使用穿越南海西北次海盆扩张中心的广角地震剖面(测线OBS 2006-p1),针对海盆区域,通过P波二维地震射线追踪正演,获得了西北次海盆垂直扩张方向的深部速度结构,讨论了西北次海盆及其扩张中心深部地壳结构特征;并结合南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆横穿扩张中心的海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismograph,OBS)剖面,对不同海盆的地壳结构进行了对比研究,获得了扩张后期岩浆活动对洋壳改造的新认识:(1)发现西北次海盆地壳具有明显的洋壳性质,莫霍(Moho)面埋深为11~12 km(从海平面起算),地壳厚度为6~8km,速度为5.7~7.0 km/s.扩张中心轴部双峰海山为西北次海盆扩张之后岩浆活动的产物;(2)西北次海盆、东部次海盆、西南次海盆东北部沿垂直扩张脊方向地壳速度结构均有明显的横向变化,在扩张中心处都表现为洋壳厚度增大约1 km,莫霍面埋深增大,表明后期岩浆活动对地壳结构有较大的改造作用. | 欧阳青 吴振利 卫小冬 牛雄伟 阮爱国 于志腾 | 2017 | 科学通报2017，62，21： | 6 |
| 4 | 南海及邻区岩浆岩时空分布特征及机制显示文摘南海的岩浆作用自始至终高度活跃,岩浆活动规模远远超出以前的想象。根据地壳发展阶段及其产生的岩浆作用强度和类型的差异,结合岩石同位素年龄资料,将南海及邻区划分为前吕梁期、吕梁期、晋宁期、加里东期、海西期、印支期、燕山期、喜马拉雅期等8个岩浆作用时期,主要分布于南海及周缘的广东、广西、海南岛、台湾岛、中南半岛、加里曼丹岛、菲律宾群岛,时代从前吕梁期至喜马拉雅期均有出露。南海及邻区最老的岩浆岩是在中南半岛出现的太古代黑云母花岗岩、紫苏花岗岩和辉长岩;最新的现代岩浆岩海陆均有发现,南海西南部和菲律宾等地区至今还有火山喷发岩浆活动。南海海区岩浆岩以燕山期和喜马拉雅期为主,燕山期以中酸性侵入岩为主,广泛分布于南海陆缘,尤其南海北部和西南部最甚;喜马拉雅期以强烈的基性、超基性岩浆活动为主,遍布于整个南海海区,以玄武岩为主。总体上,海区岩浆活动要比陆区晚。 | 祝嵩 姚永坚 李学杰 | 2021 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2021，41，4： | 3 |
| 5 | The deep mantle upwelling beneath the northwestern South China Sea:Insights from the time-varying residual subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin显示文摘Deep hot mantle upwelling is widely revealed around the Qiongdongnan Basin on the northwestern South China Sea margin. However, when and how it influenced the hyper-extended basin is unclear.To resolve these issues, a detailed analysis of the Cenozoic time-varying residual subsidence derived by subtracting the predicted subsidence from the backstripped subsidence was performed along a new seismic reflection line in the western Qiongdongnan Basin. For the first time, a method is proposed to calculate the time-varying strain rates constrained by the faults growth rates, on basis of which, the predicted basement subsidence is obtained with a basin-and lithosphere-scale coupled finite extension model, and the backstripped subsidence is accurately recovered with a modified technique of backstripping to eliminate the effects of later episodes of rifting on earlier sediment thickness. Results show no residual subsidence in 45–28.4 Ma. But after 28.4 Ma, negative residual subsidence occurred, reached and remained ca. -1000 m during 23–11.6 Ma, and reduced dramatically after 11.6 Ma. In the syn-rift period(45–23 Ma), the residual subsidence is ca. -1000 m, however in the post-rift period(23–0 Ma),it is positive of ca. 300 to 1300 m increasing southeastwards. These results suggest that the syn-rift subsidence deficit commenced at 28.4 Ma, while the post-rift excess subsidence occurred after 11.6 Ma.Combined with previous studies, it is inferred that the opposite residual subsidence in the syn-and post-rift periods with similar large wavelengths(>10^(2) km) and km-scale amplitudes are the results of transient dynamic topography induced by deep mantle upwelling beneath the central QDNB, which started to influence the basin at ca. 28.4 Ma, continued into the Middle Miocene, and decayed at ca.11.6 Ma. The initial mantle upwelling with significant dynamic uplift had precipitated considerable continental extension and faulting in the Late Oligocene(28.4–23 Ma). After ca. 11.6 Ma, strong mantle upwelling probably occurred beneath the Leizhou–Hainan area to form vast basaltic lava flow. | Zhong-Xian Zhao | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，6： | 2 |
| 6 | 南海及其围区新生代岩浆活动时序与成因研究显示文摘南海及其围区新生代岩浆活动具有相似的特征,根据与南海扩张时间(32~15.5 Ma)的先后关系,将岩浆活动分为三期:扩张前(>32 Ma)、扩张期(32~15.5 Ma)和停止扩张后(<15.5 Ma)。从岩相学特征可知:扩张前的岩石以三水盆地双峰式岩浆岩组合为代表;根据最新的IODP 349航次的钻孔样品资料,南海海盆扩张期岩浆岩为典型的MORB,而少量的陆缘岩石资料显示,该期岩浆岩为碱性玄武岩;停止扩张后岩浆活动可分为两期,早期以大陆-大洋中脊过渡型拉斑玄武岩为主,晚期以碱性玄武岩为主。除了扩张期南海海盆的MORB,整个新生代的岩浆岩地球化学特征大体一致,与OIB相似,显示地幔源区具有不均一性,由一个DMM和一个EM端元组成,且岩石均表现出明显的Dupal异常特征。对于富集端元的性质和来源、Dupal异常的成因、海南地幔柱是否存在等问题目前存在较大争议。具OIB特征的岩浆除来自地幔柱作用外,地幔交代作用也是重要的产生机制。本文认为碳酸盐流体对地幔源区的交代作用可能在南海地区新生代岩浆活动中扮演了重要的角色。另外,岩浆岩成岩过程的研究也不够全面深入,这些都是在今后的研究工作中需要关注的地方,有待后来进一步的研究。 | 谢安远 钟立峰 颜文 | 2017 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2017，37，2： | 1 |
| 7 | 南海共轭大陆边缘发育演变时空特征的非均性与目标钻探井位显示文摘南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海之一,位于欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和印度-澳大利亚板块的转换交接部位,也是太平洋构造域与特提斯洋构造域全球两大构造体系的交汇点,蕴含着丰富的前沿地球科学问题。聚焦南海区域4+1次大洋钻探航次(ODP184、IODP349、IODP367、IODP368及IODP368X),系统总结了中生代以来南海深海盆从陆缘张裂、海底扩张,到气候环境和沉积演变取得的重要进展。基于南海共轭大陆边缘在形成演化过程中时空分布不均一性,凝练了陆缘伸展减薄过程、洋陆过渡带张破裂过程、岩浆活动动力学机制和莫霍面优选等4个科学主题。以往的大洋钻探多数限于南海大陆边缘北部中段,对整个南海的控制约束作用有限。针对上述科学问题,对南海相关数据进行了详细解释分析,在南海东北次海盆、西南次海盆和西北次海盆提出9个科学钻探站位,以期全面、完整和具体地揭示南海生命史。在今后工作中坚持深浅结合、难易结合的原则,开展实施南海大洋钻探,不仅具有支撑未来天然气水合物钻采船在南海海域钻探的现实需求,而且对刻画南海完整生命史具有重要科学意义。 | 祝文君 杜学鑫 尚鲁宁 李攀峰 潘军 祁江豪 孟元库 胡刚 | 2022 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2022，42，5： | 0 |
| 8 | Causes of Cretaceous subduction termination below South China and Borneo:Was the Proto-South China Sea underlain by an oceanic plateau?显示文摘The South China,Indochina,and Borneo margins surrounding the South China Sea contain long-lived arcs that became inactive at approximately 85 Ma,even though an embayment of oceanic crust(the‘Proto-South China Sea’)remained in the intervening region.This oceanic crust eventually subducted in the Cenozoic below Borneo and the Cagayan arc,while the modern South China Sea opened in its wake.To investigate the enigmatic cessation of Mesozoic subduction below South China and Borneo,we studied a fragment of oceanic crust and overlying trench-fill sediments that accreted to NW Borneo during the final stages of Paleo-Pacific subduction.Based on radiolarian biostratigraphy of cherts overlying the pillow basalts and detrital zircon geochronology of the trench-fill,we constrained the minimum age of the oceanic crust during accretion to 40 Ma.This shows that subduction cessation was not related to ridge subduction.Geochemical analysis of pillow basalts revealed an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt signature comparable to oceanic plateaus.Using paleomagnetism,we show that this fragment of oceanic crust was not part of the Izanagi Plate but was part of a plate(the‘Pontus’Plate)separated from the Izanagi Plate by a subduction zone.Based on the minimum 40 Ma age of the oceanic crust and its geochemistry,we suggest that Mesozoic subduction below South China and Borneo stopped when an oceanic plateau entered the trench,while the eastern plate margin with the Izanagi Plate remained active.We show how our findings offer opportunities to restore plate configurations of the Panthalassa-Tethys junction region. | Suzanna H.A.van de Lagemaat Licheng Cao Junaidi Asis Eldert L.Advokaat Paul R.D.Mason Mark J.Dekkers Douwe J.J.van Hinsbergen | 2024 | Geoscience Frontiers2024，15，2： | 0 |
| 9 | Crustal velocity structure of the Northwest Sub-basin of the South China Sea based on seismic data reprocessing显示文摘The deep crustal structure of the Northwest Sub-basin(NWSB)of the South China Sea(SCS)is of great importance for understanding the tectonic nature of the continent-ocean transition(COT)and magmatism in this oceanic basin.The 2-D wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profile OBS2006-2 is almost parallel to the extinct spreading ridge(ESR)of the NWSB.In addition to the original data,we added the data of two reprocessed OBS stations,and carried out seismic phase re-picking and travel-time imaging to obtain the crustal velocity structure along this profile.Resolution tests demonstrate that the newly acquired velocity structure is more reliable than the prior interpretation.The depth of the Moho(23.5–11.8 km)and crustal thickness(20.5–6.5 km)systematically changes from continental crust of the Xisha Block to the oceanic crust within the NWSB.The COT zone has a width of^20 km and the depth of the Moho decreases from 15.0 to 11.0 km,corresponding to a^4 km decrease in crustal thickness(6–10 km).A high velocity layer(HVL,7.2–7.4 km s–1)exists at the bottom of the crust at the location where the sharp lateral transition of the continental crust to the oceanic crust occurs.Age dating shows that the Doublepeak Seamount was formed at^23 Ma,after the cessation of the NWSB seafloor spreading(~32–25 Ma).The crust beneath the Double-peak Seamount is oceanic with a thickness of 9 km.We infer that this oceanic crust was formed by magmatic upwelling and decompression melting along a pre-existing zone of weakness. | Qiang WANG Minghui ZHAO Haoyu ZHANG Jiazheng ZHANG Enyuan HE Ye YUAN Xuelin QIU | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，11： | 0 |
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