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| 1 | 中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究新进展显示文摘冰冻圈显著的变化已经对冰冻圈水文过程产生了一系列影响。本文重点梳理和分析了近20年,尤其是近10年以冰川融水、融雪径流、冻土水文等为主体的中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究方面取得的新进展:①在冰川融水变化研究方面,对不同尺度的冰川融水开展了全面研究,发现冰川融水呈现全面增加之势;对冰川融水“拐点”是否出现进行了科学辨识,有了基本认识;对冰川融水过程进行了模型模拟,取得显著进展。②在融雪径流变化研究方面,通过对不同流域融雪径流估算,可基本掌握各河流的融雪贡献率;中国融雪径流变化差异较大,增减不一;融雪期变化具有普遍性,突出特点是峰值提前。③在冻土水文研究方面,通过对地表水-活动层壤中流-多年冻土层上水之间关系的研究,揭示了冻土区径流形成的重力和热力耦合机制;多年冻土变化对地表径流的影响已经显现,主要表现在冬季(枯水季)径流增加;已经发现多年冻土退化对径流有直接补给作用,在一些流域补给量可能达到一定量级。 | 丁永建 张世强 吴锦奎 赵求东 李向应 秦甲 | 2020 | 水科学进展2020，31，5： | 31 |
| 2 | Sensitivity of runoff to climatic variability in the northern and southern slopes of the Middle Tianshan Mountains,China显示文摘Temperature and precipitation play an important role in the distribution of intra-annual runoff by influencing the timing and contribution of different water sources.In the northern and southern slopes of the Middle Tianshan Mountains in China,the water sources of rivers are similar;however,the proportion and dominance of water sources contributing to runoff are different.Using the Manas River watershed in the northern slope and the Kaidu River watershed in the southern slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains as case studies,we investigated the changes in annual runoff under climate change.A modified hydrological model was used to simulate runoff in the Kaidu River and Manas River watersheds.The results indicated that runoff was sensitive to precipitation variation in the southern slope and to temperature variation in the northern slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains.Variations in temperature and precipitation substantially influence annual and seasonal runoff.An increase in temperature did not influence the volume of spring runoff;but it resulted in earlier spring peaks with higher levels of peak flow.Damages caused by spring peak flow from both slopes of the Middle Tianshan Mountains should be given more attention in future studies. | ZHANG Feiyun BAI Lei LI Lanhai WANG Quan | 2016 | Journal of Arid Land2016，8，5： | 4 |
| 3 | 天山北坡融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性及其影响因素分析显示文摘【目的】对比分析天山北坡不同下垫面融雪期积雪特性(积雪深度、积雪密度、液态含水率、雪层温度)及其影响因素。【方法】通过对融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性、气象因子(气温、太阳辐射、空气相对湿度)和土壤因子(土壤含水率、土壤温度)等数据进行实时监测,利用Pearson相关分析方法对比分析气象因子、土壤因子与3种下垫面积雪特性间的相关性。【结果】融雪期林地、草地、裸地平均积雪深度分别为8.06、18.67、16.34 cm;林地积雪层平均积雪密度、平均液态含水率均大于草地和裸地,分别为0.48g/cm3、0.66%;林地平均积雪层温度(-0.032℃)均小于草地、裸地;融雪期裸地积雪深度与太阳辐射显著负相关,相关系数为-0.960;草地积雪密度与太阳辐射显著正相关;裸地积雪密度、液态含水率、积雪层温度与气温极显著正相关;融雪期林地积雪密度与10 cm处的土壤层温度、土壤层含水率显著正相关;草地积雪深度与40、50、60 cm处的土壤层温度极显著负相关,与20、30cm处的土壤含水率显著负相关,草地积雪密度与20、30、40、50、60cm处土壤层温度极显著正相关;裸地积雪深度与10 cm处土壤层温度显著负相关,裸地雪层温度与20、30 cm处的土壤层含水率极显著正相关。【结论】融雪期草地平均积雪深度最大;林地平均积雪层温度最小;林地平均积雪密度、液态含水率均大于草地、裸地;气温、太阳辐射是影响林地、草地、裸地积雪特性的主要气象因子;土壤含水率、土壤温度与林地、草地、裸地积雪深度呈负相关,与积雪密度、液态含水率、雪层温度呈正相关。 | 李吉玫 张毓涛 张云云 | 2021 | 灌溉排水学报2021，40，1： | 3 |
| 4 | 地理加权回归模型在地表气温直减率估算中的应用显示文摘The surface air temperature lapse rate(SATLR)plays a key role in the hydrological,glacial and ecological modeling,the regional downscaling,and the reconstruction of high-resolution surface air temperature.However,how to accurately estimate the SATLR in the regions with complex terrain and climatic condition has been a great challenge for researchers.The geographically weighted regression(GWR)model was applied in this paper to estimate the SATLR in China’s mainland,and then the assessment and validation for the GWR model were made.The spatial pattern of regression residuals which was identified by Moran’s Index indicated that the GWR model was broadly reasonable for the estimation of SATLR.The small mean absolute error(MAE)in all months indicated that the GWR model had a strong predictive ability for the surface air temperature.The comparison with previous studies for the seasonal mean SATLR further evidenced the accuracy of the estimation.Therefore,the GWR method has potential application for estimating the SATLR in a large region with complex terrain and climatic condition. | 秦云 任国玉 黄运新 张盼峰 温康民 | 2021 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2021，31，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Economic value of freshwater provisioning services of the cryosphere in the Urumqi River, Northwest China显示文摘As an important component of cryospheric provisioning services, freshwater provisioning services of the cryosphere is particularly critical to human well-being and socio-economic sustainability. It is imperative to quantitatively estimate the value of freshwater provisioning services to facilitate informed decision-making for ecosystem management and economic development. This study assessed the economic value and associated changes in benefits of freshwater provisioning services for industrial, agricultural, services and domestic water uses combining cost-based method and hydrological model in the Urumqi River during 2010–2016. The results showed that the average annual economic value of agricultural, services, domestic and industrial water uses generated from freshwater provisioning services were estimated to be 1.7, 4.4, 9.9, and 15.7 million CNY. The annual value of snowmelt provisioning services of sectorial water uses was much higher than that of glacier meltwater due to the greater contribution of snowmelt to outlet streamflow than glacier melt. The relative contributions of agricultural, services, domestic and industrial sectors to total economic value of freshwater provisioning services were 6%, 13%, 32%, and 49% respectively, depending on the meltwater supply and market prices. The benefits of freshwater provisioning services from different sectors generally increased in 2010–2016, with a significant increase in the services sector. Considering the impact of changes in freshwater supply under climate change on the assessment of cryospheric provisioning services, the results emphasize the necessity of promoting industrial structure optimization and adopting resource-efficient policies. | ZHANG Xue-Ting CHEN Ren-Sheng LIU Guo-Hua YANG Yong FENG Tian-Wen | 2021 | Advances in Climate Change Research2021，12，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Characteristics of climate and melt runoff in the Koxkar Glacier River Basin, south slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China显示文摘Hydrology of the high glacierized region in the Tianshan Mountains is an important water resource for arid and semiarid areas of China,even Central Asia.The hydrological process is complex to understand,due to the high variability in cli mate and the lack of hydrometeorological data.Based on field observations,the present study analyzes the meteorological and hydrological characteristics of the Koxkar Glacier River Basin during 20082011;and the factors influencing climate impact on glacier hydrology are discussed.The results show that precipitation at the terminus of the glacier was 426.2 mm,471.8 mm,624.9 mm,and 532 mm in 2008,2009,2010,and 2011,respectively.Discharge increases starting in May,reaches its highest value in July and August,and then starts to decrease.The mean annual discharge was 118.23×106 m3 during the four years observed,with 87.0%occurring in the ablation season(May September).During the study period,the runoff in August accounted for 29%of total streamflow,followed by July(22%)and June(14%).The runoff exhibited obviously high interannual variability from April to September,induced by drastic changes in climate factors.Discharge autocorrelations are very high for all the years.The climate factors show different influences on discharge.The highest correlation R between daily temperature and discharge was for a time lag of 23 days 2on the Koxkar Glacier(0.660.76).The daily depth of runoff to daily temperature and daily water vapor pressure had an R value of 0.56 and 0.69,respective ly,which could be described by an exponential function.A closer relationship is found between runoff and either tempera ture or water vapor pressure on a monthly scale;the R2 values are 0.65 and 0.78,respectively.The study helps us to under stand the mechanisms of the hydrological meteorological system of typical regional glaciers and to provide a reference for glacier-runoff simulations and water-resource management. | Min Xu HaiDong Han ShiChang Kang Hua Tao | 2019 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2019，11，6： | 0 |
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