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| 1 | Assessment of temporal dynamics of snow cover and its validation with hydro-meteorological data in parts of Chenab Basin, western Himalayas显示文摘The present investigation was conducted to analyze the temporal patterns of snow cover area%(SCA%), air temperature, snowfall and river discharge in parts of Chenab basin, western Himalayas. The relationship of mean SCA% with mean air temperature and river discharge was also tested using Pearson's product-moment correlation at 95% confidence limit and further sensitivity analysis of river discharge to SCA and SCA to air temperature was performed. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) 8-day surface reflectance product MOD09A1 was used to delineate SCA during the period 2000–2013. Moreover, variation in the lowest elevation from where snow cover area starts(LESCA) was also analyzed and its relationship with mean air temperature was also studied. Non-parametric method, Mann-Kendall test was employed to determine the trend in the SCA%, air temperature, snowfall and river discharge. The investigation carried out for three meteorological stations i.e. Batote, Reasi and Tandi revealed significant findings. At Batote and Reasi, statistically significant decreasing trends were observed over the period 2000 to 2012, for maximum, minimum and mean air temperature. Mean minimum SCA% exhibited a significant upward trend during 2000–2013 which is corroborated by the significantly increasing trend of mean annual snowfall(Tandi station) from 2000 to 2010. Further, significant decreasing trend of river discharge for the winter season at Batote station from 2000 to 2011 and decreasing trends in the maximum, minimum and mean air temperature at Batote and Reasi stations are also consistent with the increasing trend of SCA%. At both Batote and Reasi stations, mean SCA% exhibited significant negative relationship with the mean air temperature. On the other hand, LESCA exhibited positive correlation with the mean air temperature except in a few months, where negative relationship was seen. Sensitivity analysis of river discharge to SCA exhibited very low values of sensitivity coefficient in most of the months, indicating less sensitivity of river discharge to SCA. On the other hand, sensitivity coefficient of SCA to air temperature exhibited comparatively higher values which indicate SCA is more sensitive to air temperature. | Retinder KOUR Nilanchal PATEL Akhouri Pramod KRISHNA | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，5： | 3 |
| 2 | Future variation in mountainous discharge in arid northwestern China:A basin case study显示文摘To better understand the variation in mountainous discharge(MD)in the future,a basin case study was conducted in the upstream Taolai River Basin(UTRB)in arid northwestern China.The Blaney-Criddle(B-C)equation,Budyko framework,and water balance method were coupled for MD calculations.The outputs of 10 global climate models(GCMs)are synthesized to confirm the future changes in air temperature and precipitation under 3 selected Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)scenarios.The climate elasticity(CE)method was used to determine the variation in MD,and the influence of climate factors on that was quantitatively analyzed.The results reveal that the coupling framework of the three methods is suitable for MD determination in the UTRB.The weight-based synthesis of the 10 GCM outputs shows overall increases in temperature(T)and precipitation(P)under the 3 scenarios during most of the time until 2099.The above climate change leads to an increase in MD.According to CE analysis,the positive effectiveness of precipitation is greater than the negative effectiveness of temperature on MD variation,and the increase in precipitation would induce more MD in the UTRB.Uncertainty analysis reveals that GCM outputs dominate in predicting precipitation,while the RCP scenarios influence temperature more.Overall,under the background of climate change,the risk of extreme floods during wet years might increase,and a water deficit will still occur during normal and dry years.The study provides a case example for better understanding MD responses to climate change in the upper reaches of inland river basins.Findings are helpful for reasonable water resource development and utilization in the middle and lower reaches of these basins in the future.As in the Taolai River Basin,considering the future water demand across the whole basin,the development of watersaving technologies and reasonable industrial structures is crucial for a sustainable future. | WU Lei LI Chang-bin XIE Xu-hong LV Jia-nan WEI Jian-mei ZHOU Xuan YANG Lin-shan | 2021 | Journal of Mountain Science2021，18，9： | 1 |
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