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| 1 | 北京春季沙尘和霾期间气溶胶的对比模拟研究显示文摘利用气象模式WRF驱动区域空气质量模式RAQMS,模拟研究了2014年北京地区春季颗粒物及气溶胶化学组分的时空变化,对比分析了沙尘期(3月17日、29日)和霾期(3月25~27日)的天气形势、气象要素和气溶胶化学组分特征,比较了沙尘和人为气溶胶表面非均相化学反应对大气化学成分的影响及相对贡献。结果显示,模式对于气象要素、PM2.5、PM10及其化学组分具有较好的模拟能力,考虑了气溶胶表面非均相化学反应后明显提高了模式对PM2.5及气溶胶化学组分模拟的准确性。沙尘期间,沙尘对PM10质量浓度贡献占主导地位(50.7%),对PM2.5的贡献与有机气溶胶(OM)和人为排放的一次颗粒物(PPM)相当;霾期间,硝酸盐NO3-(25.6%)和OM(23.6%)对PM2.5的贡献最大,在PM10中NO3-、PPM和OM的贡献相当。沙尘期,粗粒子明显增加,在PM10中所占比例与细粒子相当,为45.5%;霾期,细粒子占主导地位,占PM10质量浓度的85.6%。非均相化学反应使沙尘期间硫酸盐(SO42–)和NO3-浓度分别增加16.9%和83.8%,使霾期间的SO42-和NO3–浓度分别增加14.5%和45.0%。2014年3月,非均相化学反应使北京月均SO2、NO2、O3、SO42-、NH4+和NO3-的浓度分别变化了-2.5%、-5.7%、-3.4%、11.7%、18.6%和58.5%,本文结果表明非均相化学反应对二次无机气溶胶的生成有重要贡献。 | 梁琳 韩志伟 李嘉伟 李洁 高艳 武云飞 | 2020 | 气候与环境研究2020，25，2： | 6 |
| 2 | Impacts of Uncertainty in AVOC Emissions on the Summer RO_x Budget and Ozone Production Rate in the Three Most Rapidly-Developing Economic Growth Regions of China显示文摘High levels of uncertainty in non-methane volatile organic compound(NMVOC) emissions in China could lead to significant variation in the budget of the sum of hydroxyl(OH) and peroxy(HO2, RO2) radicals(ROx= OH + HO2+ RO2)and the ozone production rate [P(O3)], but few studies have investigated this possibility, particularly with three-dimensional air quality models. We added diagnostic variables into the WRF-Chem model to assess the impact of the uncertainty in anthropogenic NMVOC(AVOC) emissions on the ROxbudget and P(O3) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta of China. The WRF-Chem simulations were compared with satellite and ground observations,and previous observation-based model studies. Results indicated that 68% increases(decreases) in AVOC emissions produced4%–280% increases(2%–80% decreases) in the concentrations of OH, HO2, and RO2 in the three regions, and resulted in35%–48% enhancements(26%–39% reductions) in the primary ROxproduction and ~ 65% decreases(68%–73% increases)of the P(O3) in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. For the three cities, the two largest contributors to the ROxproduction rate were the reaction of O1 D + H2 O and photolysis of HCHO, ALD2, and others; the reaction of OH + NO2(71%–85%)was the major ROxsink; and the major contributor to P(O3) was the reaction of HO2+ NO(~ 65%). Our results showed that AVOC emissions in 2006 from Zhang et al.(2009) have been underestimated by ~ 68% in suburban areas and by > 68%in urban areas, implying that daily and hourly concentrations of secondary organic aerosols and inorganic aerosols could be substantially underestimated, and cloud condensation nuclei could be underestimated, whereas local and regional radiation was overestimated. | WANG Feng AN Junling LI Ying TANG Yujia LIN Jian QU Yu CHEN Yong ZHANG Bing ZHAI Jing | 2014 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2014，31，6： | 5 |
| 3 | A Comprehensive Observational Analysis for the Effects of Gas Cannons on Clouds and Precipitation显示文摘To analyze the effects of gas cannons on clouds and precipitation,multisource observational data,including those from National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis,Hangzhou and Huzhou new-generation weather radars,laser disdrometer,ground-based automatic weather station,wind profiler radar,and Lin'an C-band dualpolarization radar,were adopted in this study.Based on the variational dual-Doppler wind retrieval method and the polarimetric variables obtained by the dual-polarization radar,we analyzed the microphysical processes and the variations in the macro-and microphysical quantities in clouds from the perspective of the synoptic background before precipitation enhancement,the polarization echo characteristics before,during and after enhancement,and the evolution of the fine three-dimensional kinematic structure and the microphysical structure.The results show that the precipitation enhancement operation promoted the development of radar echoes and prolonged their duration,and both the horizontal and vertical wind speeds increased.The dual-polarization radar echo showed that the diameter of the precipitation particles increased,and the concentration of raindrops increased after precipitation enhancement.The raindrops were lifted to a height corresponding to 0 to-20℃due to vertical updrafts.Based on the disdrometer data during precipitation enhancement,the concentration of small raindrops(lgN_(w))showed a significant increase,and the mass-weighted diameter D_(m)value decreased,indicating that the precipitation enhancement operation played a certain“lubricating”effect.After the precipitation enhancement,the concentration of raindrops did not change much compared with that during the enhancement process,while the Dm increased,corresponding to an increase in rain intensity.The results suggest the positive effect of gas cannons on precipitation enhancement. | 吴彬 王丹丹 李艳芳 尹浩 杜爽 黎朋红 | 2022 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2022，28，2： | 1 |
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