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| 1 | 典型喀斯特森林土壤的抗蚀性显示文摘喀斯特地区生态脆弱,极易发生土壤侵蚀。受地表要素空间异质性的影响,目前相关研究仍无法完全反映出喀斯特地区不同植被类型土壤抗蚀性的特征。通过野外调查,了解样地植被群落类型及其组成等基本情况,并以“S形布点法”实地采样;通过酒精烘烤法、环刀法等方法,获取土壤含水量、土壤容重、土壤有机质、土壤团聚体、土壤微团聚体及土壤机械组成、土壤抗蚀指数等土壤抗蚀指标值。结果表明,除有机质外的其他抗蚀指标表现出0—10cm土层内与10—20cm土层内的变化规律均和抗蚀指数一致。在土壤深度0—10cm范围内,土壤抗蚀指数表征的土壤抗蚀能力强弱为:阔叶林>灌丛>针叶林;在10—20cm土层范围为:灌丛>针叶林>阔叶林。0—10cm土层内各指标表征土壤抗蚀能力的显著程度为:有机质含量、水稳性团聚体、结构破坏率、团聚状况和团聚度较显著,10—20cm土层内为有机质含量、干筛团聚体、团聚度较为显著,水稳性团聚体次之。通过综合两个土层的情况,可认为有机质含量、水稳性团聚体、团聚度能较好地表征喀斯特林地土壤抗蚀性强弱。在喀斯特地区如果以防治土壤侵蚀为目的,应考虑种植阔叶树种,避免针叶树种。 | 刘宽梅 周秋文 | 2020 | 生态学报2020，40，2： | 10 |
| 2 | Assessing the effects of vegetation and precipitation on soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China显示文摘Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion.However,it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale.To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015,we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR,and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model(LMDI)which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors,to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor(C factor)and the rainfall erosivity factor(R factor)to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale.In general,soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015,of which about 54.95%of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor,and 41.31%was caused by the change in the R factor.There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus,of which 64.10%of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor,and 23.88%was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor.Therefore,the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion,while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion.The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor(12.10×10^3 km^2)was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor(8.30×10^3 km^2),which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion.This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion,and also provided a scientific basis for the regional control of soil erosion. | HE Qian DAI Xiao'ai CHEN Shiqi | 2020 | Journal of Arid Land2020，12，5： | 9 |
| 3 | 基于透明土技术与颗粒流方法联合开展管涌细观机理研究显示文摘我国现今拥有堤防总长度超30万公里,但管涌型渗透破坏频发,造成极大社会经济损失,故开展管涌细观机理研究对于解决堤防工程安全问题具有重要意义。当前有关管涌细观机理研究主要从模型试验、数值模拟两个方面开展,并且大多从颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒级配和细料含量等角度揭示该细观机理。本文提出一种基于透明土技术、颗粒流模拟联合开展该细观机理研究的方法,并从颗粒间接触力链的细观角度分析颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒级配和细料含量对管涌发生、发展的影响。首先结合PLIF(平面激光诱导荧光技术)与透明土技术自行设计可视化模型试验平台,其次基于MRI(磁共振成像)技术,借助Avzio软件实现对透明土样二维切片的三维重构,然后将重构模型导入PFC^(3D)中并进行相同条件下的颗粒流模拟,通过比对模型试验与数值模拟结果,验证本方法开展管涌细观机理研究的可靠性,最后进行重构模型在不同颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒级配和细料含量条件下的数值模拟,并从力链角度论述各组试验规律。本文可为管涌细观机理研究提供一种置信度高、可行性好的新途径。 | 倪小东 寇恒绮 左翔宇 王媛 陆江发 | 2021 | 水利学报2021，52，12： | 7 |
| 4 | 河北坝上与坝下不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征及其影响因素显示文摘为查明河北省坝上与坝下不同土地利用类型土壤入渗能力,选择张北县(坝上风蚀区)和阳原县(坝下水蚀区)作为典型研究区,采用微型圆盘入渗仪测量土壤入渗特性,并分析其主要影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)阳原县不同土地利用类型土壤渗透性能表现为:高盖度草地>低盖度草地>耕地>林地,张北县表现为:草地>耕地>灌木林地>防护林地;(2)不同入渗模型拟合度之间存在显著差异,其中Philip模型拟合效果最佳;(3)土壤初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、稳定入渗时间与容重呈极显著负相关关系,而与总孔隙度均呈极显著正相关关系。结果表明,该区草地土壤入渗能力最强,后期开展生态工程建设时应更加重视草地涵养水源的作用。 | 王晓艺 苏正安 马菁 杨鸿琨 何周窈 周涛 | 2020 | 自然资源学报2020，35，6： | 7 |
| 5 | Freeze–thaw effects on erosion process in loess slope under simulated rainfall显示文摘Seasonal freeze–thaw processes have led to severe soil erosion in the middle and high latitudes.The area affected by freeze–thaw erosion in China exceeds 13%of the national territory.So understanding the effect of freeze–thaw on erosion process is of great significance for soil and water conservation as well as for ecological engineering.In this study,we designed simulated rainfall experiments to investigate soil erosion processes under two soil conditions,unfrozen slope(UFS)and frozen slope(FS),and three rainfall intensities of 0.6,0.9 and 1.2 mm/min.The results showed that the initial runoff time of FS occurred much earlier than that of the UFS.Under the same rainfall intensity,the runoff of FS is 1.17–1.26 times that of UFS;and the sediment yield of FS is 6.48–10.49 times that of UFS.With increasing rainfall time,rills were produced on the slope.After the appearance of the rills,the sediment yield on the FS accounts for 74%–86%of the total sediment yield.Rill erosion was the main reason for the increase in soil erosion rate on FS,and the reduction in water percolation resulting from frozen layers was one of the important factors leading to the advancement of rills on slope.A linear relationship existed between the cumulative runoff and the sediment yield of UFS and FS(R2>0.97,P<0.01).The average mean weight diameter(MWD)on the slope erosion particles was as follows:UFS0.9(73.84μm)>FS0.6(72.30μm)>UFS1.2(72.23μm)>substrate(71.23μm)>FS1.2(71.06μm)>FS0.9(70.72μm).During the early stage of the rainfall,the MWD of the FS was relatively large.However,during the middle to late rainfall,the particle composition gradually approached that of the soil substrate.Under different rainfall intensities,the mean soil erodibility(MK)of the FS was 7.22 times that of the UFS.The ratio of the mean regression coefficient C2(MC2)between FS and UFS was roughly correspondent with MK.Therefore,the parameter C2 can be used to evaluate soil erodibility after the appearance of the rills.This article explored the influence mechanism of freeze–thaw effects on loess soil erosion and provided a theoretical basis for further studies on soil erosion in the loess hilly regions. | SU Yuanyi LI Peng REN Zongping XIAO Lie ZHANG Hui | 2020 | Journal of Arid Land2020，12，6： | 2 |
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