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| 1 | 微生物碳酸酐酶在岩溶系统碳循环中的作用与应用研究进展显示文摘岩溶动力系统是一个三相不平衡开放系统,该系统在由生物圈主导的四圈层间进行物质循环与能量流动,以CO2-H2O-Ca CO3循环为主进而对全球碳循环起到推动作用。碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)是一种以Zn为活动中心的金属酶,在微生物中广泛存在,通过催化CO2的水合反应对岩溶动力系统中的碳循环起到驱动作用。综述了微生物碳酸酐酶结构与功能的研究历程,系统阐述了该酶对岩溶动力系统碳循环的重要驱动作用,并结合化工业上对该酶开发应用的相关成果,为破坏山体恢复技术的应用与发展提供新思路。 | 吴雁雯 张金池 | 2015 | 生物学杂志2015，32，3： | 11 |
| 2 | Global warming projections using the human–earth system model BNU-HESM1.0显示文摘Future climate change is usually projected by coupled earth system models under specific emission scenarios designed by integrated assessment models(IAMs),and this offline approach means there is no interaction between the coupled earth system models and the IAMs.This paper introduces a new method to design possible future emission scenarios and corresponding climate change, in which a simple economic and climate damage component is added to the coupled earth system model of Beijing Normal University(BNU-ESM). With the growth of population and technological expertise and the declining emission-to-output ratio described in the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy model, the projected carbon emission is 13.7 Gt C, resulting in a 2.4 °C warming by the end of the twenty-first century(2080–2099) compared with1980–1999. This paper also suggests the importance of the land and ocean carbon cycle in determining the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. It is hoped that in the near future the next generation of coupled earth system models that include both the natural system and the social dimension will be developed. | Shili Yang Wenjie Dong Jieming Chou Jinming Feng Zhigang Wei Yan Guo Xiaohang Wen Ting Wei Di Tian Xian Zhu Zhiyong Yang | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，23： | 7 |
| 3 | 气候变化综合评估模型的损失函数研究进展显示文摘该研究从综合评估模型(IAM)的模型耦合视角出发,介绍了当前损失函数的研究进展,主要从损失函数的构建方法、损失函数与IAM气候模块和经济模块的耦合以及IAM与气候模式的耦合角度分析了损失函数的耦合功能及其存在的科学问题,探讨了损失函数的改进方向。通过文献梳理发现,损失函数的构建方法上,主要采用专家判断法、元分析法和统计学方法,但各有优缺点;与气候模式的耦合功能上,损失函数多以温升为气候变化因素,降水等气候变化信息无法表达,且由全球尺度的年平均值进行标定,不能体现区域的差异和季节的变化,无法直接描述极端气候事件造成的巨大损失;与经济模块的耦合功能上,基于生产部门的损失函数缺乏间接损失评估功能,缺乏对经济增长的动态影响机制。针对上述IAM中气候变化对经济影响的反馈机制的不足,需重点从细化区域气候变化因素影响和细分经济产业部门两个方向重构损失函数,紧密连接气候模式与经济模块,全面评估气候变化经济损失,并需要从技术上解决损失函数在耦合经济模块与气候模式时出现的时空尺度不匹配问题,最终为IAM与气候模式甚至地球系统模式的耦合提供重要的解决方案。 | 张海玲 刘昌新 王铮 | 2018 | 气候变化研究进展2018，14，1： | 7 |
| 4 | Responses of the ocean carbon cycle to climate change: Results from an earth system climate model simulation显示文摘Based on simulations using the University of Victoria's Earth System Climate Model, we analyzed the responses of the ocean carbon cycle to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and climate change from 1800 to 2500 following the RCP 8.5 scenario and its extension. Compared to simulations without climate change, the simulation with a climate sensitivity of 3.0 K shows that in 2100, due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the simulated sea surface temperature increases by 2.7 K, the intensity of the North Atlantic deep water formation reduces by4.5 Sv, and the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 decreases by 0.8 Pg C. Climate change is also found to have a large effect on the North Atlantic's ocean column inventory of anthropogenic CO2. Between the years 1800 and 2500, compared with the simulation with no climate change, the simulation with climate change causes a reduction in the total anthropogenic CO2 column inventory over the entire ocean and in North Atlantic by 23.1% and 32.0%, respectively. A set of simulations with climate sensitivity variations from 0.5 K to 4.5 K show that with greater climate sensitivity climate change would have a greater effect in reducing the ocean's ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. | WANG Shuang-Jing CAO Long LI Na | 2014 | Advances in Climate Change Research2014，5，3： | 1 |
| 5 | 一个地球系统模式模拟的气候变化对海洋碳循环的影响显示文摘使用维多利亚大学的地球系统模式进行模拟,选取1800-2500年间较高的CO2浓度情景(RCP8.5),分析由于CO2增加引起的气候变化对海洋碳循环的影响.当气候敏感度为3.0K时,相对于无气候变化,到2100年,由于大气CO2增加造成的气候变化导致海表面温度升高2.7K,北大西洋深水流量减少4.5 Sv,海洋对人为碳的年吸收减少0.8 PgC;比较人为溶解无机碳在海洋中的垂直累积分布,发现气候变化对海洋吸收大气CO2的影响在北大西洋区域最明显.1800-2500年,相对于不考虑气候变化的情景,模式模拟的气候变化导致整个海洋对人为碳的累积吸收总量减少23.1%,其中北大西洋减少32.0%.此外,比较不同气候敏感度(0~4.5 K,间隔为0.5 K)的模拟结果发现,气候敏感度越高,气候变化对海洋吸收CO2能力的抑制作用越明显. | 王双晶 曹龙 李娜 | 2014 | 气候变化研究进展2014，10，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Developed and Developing World Contributions to Climate System Change Based on Carbon Dioxide,Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions显示文摘One of the key issues in international climate negotiations is the formulation of targets for emissions reduction for all countries based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'. This formulation depends primarily on the quantitative attribution of the responsibilities of developed and developing countries for historical climate change. Using the Commuity Earth System Model(CESM), we estimate the responsibilities of developed countries and developing countries for climatic change from 1850 to 2005 using their carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The results indicate that developed countries contribute approximately 53%–61%, and developing countries approximately 39%–47%, to the increase in global air temperature, upper oceanic warming, sea-ice reduction in the NH, and permafrost degradation. In addition, the spatial heterogeneity of these changes from 1850 to 2005 is primarily attributed to the emissions of greenhouse gases(GHGs)in developed countries. Although uncertainties remain in the climate model and the external forcings used, GHG emissions in developed countries are the major contributor to the observed climate system changes in the 20 th century. | Ting WEI Wenjie DONG Qing YAN Jieming CHOU Zhiyong YANG Di TIAN | 2016 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016，33，5： | 1 |
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