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| 1 | 市政污泥接种焦化废水好氧降解能力及微生物群落演替的响应分析显示文摘焦化废水是毒性很大的典型工业废水,生物处理过程中需要微生物具备很强的适应能力.以探讨焦化废水对微生物的毒性抑制以及微生物对焦化废水的适应过程为目的,通过于焦化废水原水中接种市政污泥,在考察COD、苯酚、氨氮和硫氰化物等主要污染物指标降解的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序平台分析降解过程微生物群落组成及多样性变化的响应关系.结果表明,接种了市政污泥的焦化废水培养16 h后COD开始下降,40 h时苯酚降解了97.14%,72 h时硫氰化物开始降解,96 h时硫氰化物浓度低于检测限,氨氮浓度随着硫氰化物的降解而升高.群落测序分析表明,不同培养阶段污泥中微生物表现出群落结构及丰度上的差异:在苯酚降解阶段,苯酚优势降解菌Acinetobacter、Pseudomonas的丰度增大,48 h总相对丰度为13.04%;在硫氰化物降解阶段,Sphingobacterium、Brevundimonas、Lysobacter、Chryseobacterium为主导菌属,96 h时其总相对丰度为16.13%;在144 h阶段,优势菌属则变为Fluviicola、Stenotrophomonas和Thiobacillus,总相对丰度为22.45%.由此认为,市政污泥克服了焦化废水中毒性成分的抑制作用之后能迅速适应环境,表现出微生物群落结构随着废水降解成分的变化而改变,环境因子和降解功能菌之间的竞争是群落结构演变的主要因素. | 刘国新 吴海珍 孙胜利 胡肖怡 吴晓英 陈华勇 范一文 胡成生 韦朝海 | 2017 | 环境科学2017,38,9: | 12 |
| 2 | 合成生物学技术在聚羟基脂肪酸酯PHA生产中的应用显示文摘合成生物学的迅猛发展使其在各个领域得到了广泛应用,底盘设计、元件组装、代谢网络的从头构建、大片段DNA克隆、多片段DNA拼接等合成生物学技术的开发和利用大大提高了工业生物技术的竞争力.聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)是一种具有生物可降解和生物相容性等优良特性的生物塑料,可以在许多细菌胞内合成,已经被开发应用于多个领域.但是,PHA高昂的生产成本阻碍了其大规模应用.基于合成生物学研究而得到的新方法、新技术可以改变细菌生长模式、生长条件以及细菌形态,从而进一步降低PHA的生产成本.另一方面,通过改造细菌基因组如弱化?-氧化途径可以得到不同种类的重组菌株,用于生产具有不同性能的包括无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、带有官能团的聚合物等在内的新型多功能PHA材料.合成生物学的应用开创了低成本、高附加值的PHA材料生产的新时代,为PHA的产业化奠定了坚实的基础. | 王颖 陈国强 | 2015 | 中国科学:生命科学2015,45,10: | 6 |
| 3 | Synthetic biology of microbes synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)显示文摘Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA)have been produced as bioplastics for various purposes.Under the support of China National Basic Research 973 Project,we developed synthetic biology methods to diversify the PHA structures into homo-,random,block polymers with improved properties to better meet various application requirements.At the same time,various pathways were assembled to produce various PHA from glucose as a simple carbon source.At the end,Halomonas bacteria were reconstructed to produce PHA in changing morphology for low cost production under unsterile and continuous conditions.The synthetic biology will advance the PHA into a bio-and material industry. | Guo-Qiang Chen Xiao-Ran Jiang Yingying Guo | 2016 | Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology2016,1,4: | 5 |
| 4 | A glimpse of life science research at Tsinghua显示文摘Life Science at Tsinghua University has a long and eventful history.The Biology Department,founded in 1926,was among the oldest and most prestigious in China.In 1952,the Biology Department,together with other natural science departments,were eliminated from the University by order of the central government.In 1984,the Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology was re-established,with Professor Poo Mu-ming being the founding Director.In the ensuing 25 years,the Department went through rapid transformations and gained national and international recognition.In September 2009,the Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology was replaced by the School of Life Sciences. | SHI YiGong | 2014 | Science China(Life Sciences)2014,57,1: | 0 |