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| 1 | Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility显示文摘Many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations.BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts;furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes. | D.Claire Wathes Chike F.Oguejiofor Carole Thomas Zhangrui Cheng | 2020 | Engineering2020，6，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Endometrial response to conceptus-derived estrogen and interleukin-1β at the time of implantation in pigs显示文摘The establishment of pregnancy is a complex process that requires a well-coordinated interaction between the implanting conceptus and the maternal uterus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes at the time of implantation and introduces various factors, including estrogens and cytokines,interleukin-1β2(IL1 B2), interferon-γ(IFNG), and IFN-δ(IFND), into the uterine lumen. In response to ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus-derived factors, the uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the implanting conceptus by changing its expression of cell adhesion molecules, secretory activity, and immune response. Conceptus-derived estrogens act as a signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy by changing the direction of prostaglandin(PG) F2αfrom the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen. Estrogens also induce the expression of many endometrial genes,including genes related to growth factors, the synthesis and transport of PGs, and immunity. IL1 B2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by the elongating conceptus. The direct effect of IL1 B2 on endometrial function is not fully understood. IL1 B activates the expression of endometrial genes, including the genes involved in IL1 B signaling and PG synthesis and transport. In addition, estrogen or IL1 B stimulates endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules,suggesting that estrogen and IL1 B act cooperatively in priming the endometrial function of conceptus-produced IFNG and IFND that, in turn, modulate endometrial immune response during early pregnancy. This review addresses information about maternal-conceptus interactions with respect to endometrial gene expression in response to conceptus-derived factors, focusing on the roles of estrogen and IL1 B during early pregnancy in pigs. | Hakhyun Ka Heewon Seo Yohan Choi Inkyu Yoo Jisoo Han | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 5 |
| 3 | 妊娠早期猪胚胎-母体识别相关基因研究进展显示文摘猪胚胎附植效率显著影响母猪产仔数的高低。在妊娠第12天左右,猪胚胎与母体之间会通过分泌一系列信号分子来建立联系,这一过程被称为胚胎-母体识别。胚胎与母体能否正确识别是附植成败的关键。整合素(ITG)、连接蛋白(CXs)和白细胞介素-1β(IL1B)是介导胚胎-母体识别的关键基因,这些基因异常表达会导致识别不成功,从而引起胚胎死亡。本文对猪妊娠早期胚胎-母体识别过程及其调控的关键基因进行综述,为进一步研究猪妊娠早期胚胎-母体识别的分子调控机制提供参考。 | 甘建宇 臧旭鹏 蒋磊 洪林君 | 2022 | 中国畜牧杂志2022，58，9： | 1 |
| 4 | 反刍动物胚胎附植阶段干扰素-τ对子宫内膜基因表达的影响显示文摘胚胎附植是哺乳动物生殖过程中的关键步骤。干扰素-τ是反刍动物特有的妊娠识别信号,在妊娠早期特异表达并发挥重要作用。本文综述了干扰素-τ在反刍动物胚胎附植及胎盘形成早期发挥的作用,总结该阶段受干扰素-τ调控的相关基因,以及干扰素-τ与孕酮、前列腺素、皮质醇在影响子宫内环境中的相互作用,为深入研究反刍动物胚胎附植相关基因和进一步了解其胚胎附植机制提供理论基础。 | 靳方圆 李炳南 岳巍 倪华 | 2016 | 中国畜牧杂志2016，52，23： | 1 |
| 5 | 猪子宫腔液外泌体来源的TIMP2蛋白对胚胎附植的影响显示文摘旨在研究猪子宫腔液外泌体来源的TIMP2蛋白对妊娠早期胚胎附植的影响。本研究采用超速离心法分离妊娠第9天(n=3)和第12天(n=3)大白猪子宫腔液外泌体,利用Western blot(WB)检测外泌体中TIMP2蛋白的变化,并通过免疫组化试验研究TIMP2蛋白在子宫中的表达定位。进一步用外泌体与猪胚胎滋养层细胞(porcine trophoblast,PTr2)共培养试验研究外泌体对TIMP2蛋白的靶向运输作用,最后在PTr2细胞中干扰和超表达TIMP2基因,利用CCK-8、EdU及划痕试验研究TIMP2蛋白对PTr2细胞增殖和迁移的影响。通过超速离心法成功分离到子宫腔液外泌体,其粒径主要分布在30~150 nm之间,WB试验结果表明,妊娠第12天猪子宫腔液外泌体中TIMP2蛋白含量显著增高(P<0.05),外泌体与滋养层细胞共培养试验表明,TIMP2蛋白能通过外泌体靶向运输到滋养层细胞。免疫组化结果发现,TIMP2蛋白在子宫内膜和胚胎中均表达,且在妊娠第12天子宫内膜中的表达量极显著高于妊娠第9天(P<0.01)。进一步通过体外细胞试验发现,干扰PTr2中的TIMP2基因,细胞增殖能力极显著增强(P<0.01),迁移能力显著增强(P<0.05);超表达该基因,细胞增殖能力极显著减弱(P<0.01),迁移能力也显著减弱(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,子宫腔液外泌体来源TIMP2蛋白可能由母体子宫内膜所分泌,并能通过外泌体靶向进入胚胎滋养层细胞调控其增殖和迁移,从而影响胚胎附植。 | 匡婧靖 贺艳娟 胡群 顾婷 吴珍芳 蔡更元 洪林君 | 2022 | 畜牧兽医学报2022，53，4： | 0 |
| 6 | The relationship between progesterone and Th-related cytokines in plasma during early pregnancy in cows显示文摘In cows,progesterone(P4) is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and successful embryo development is dependent on the maternal immunomodulation of Th-related cytokines.However,in vivo investigation of the relationship between P4 and Th immunity in cattle remains incomplete.Therefore,we evaluated plasma P4 concentrations and expressions of three Th-related cytokines,interleukins IL-1β,IL-4 and IL-6,in 15 pregnant and 11 non-pregnant cows 0,14,18,21,and28 d post artificial insemination.Pregnant cows had significantly higher plasma P4 levels and pregnant cows with higher P4 on 14 d tended to have higher P4 in the subsequent period of pregnancy.There was no difference in IL-4 and IL-6 expression between pregnant cows and non-pregnant cows,whereas plasma IL-1β was temporally upregulated on 21 d.The cytokines measured were not affected in either the high-P4 group( > 11.1 ng·m L–1) or the low-P4 group( < 11.1 ng·m L–1) in pregnant cows.A weak negative correlation between IL-1β and IL-6 was observed,but none of the cytokines was associated with a change in plasma P4.In conclusion,there was no clear relationship between P4 and Th immunity in maternal plasma in the pregnant cows,which differs from what occurs in humans and mice during early pregnancy. | Lei CHENG Youdong XIN Xiaohua LIU Xiuzhong HU Min XIANG Dingfa WANG Shuhong ZHAO | 2016 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2016，3，2： | 0 |
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