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| 1 | 不同地面状态下行走时人体的滑摔机制显示文摘利用自制步进摩擦试验机,测试了人体在水平静止路面、上下坡面、水平加速运动路面上行走时脚底接触力、摩擦系数、制动期时间及冲量变化.通过人体受力分析,根据力及力矩平衡原理探讨了人体行走制动期的滑摔机制.研究表明,水平静止路面行走时,制动期脚底所需摩擦系数可用RCOF=tgθ表征,RCOF越大,滑摔风险越高.下坡行走时,身体所需摩擦系数RCOF=tg(θ+α)随下坡角度增大而增大,滑摔风险增加;上坡行走时,RCOF=tg(θ-α)随上坡角度增大而减小,滑摔风险降低.水平加速运动路面上行走时,身体所需摩擦系数RCOF=tgθ随反向加速度的增大而增大,滑摔风险升高;随正向加速度的增大而减小,滑摔风险降低.人体在不同地面状态下行走时,可通过改变身体重心运动方向的惯性力、调整步态制动期及起步期的时间分配以改变摩擦力,满足重心平衡条件,确保身体平衡. | 陈慧敏 张永振 牛永平 宋晨飞 上官宝 | 2016 | 科学通报2016，61，23： | 3 |
| 2 | An improvement to the reciprocating gait orthosis for aiding paraplegic patients in walking显示文摘As the conventional reciprocating gait orthosis(RGO)has been deemed incapable of facilitating the patients’passive movement with significant gait discrepancies and distortion,in addition to characteristics such as poor stability,and negligible knee joint rehabilitation,a power assisted reciprocating gait orthosis(PARGO)was designed.Drive devices were added to the hip and knee joints of the RGO.Through efficient implementation of structural components,the number of the required motors was reduced,therefore decreasing the weight of the orthosis.The PARGO knee joint’s structural principle was analyzed to characterize the effect of the PARGO’s single-axis knee joint design on wear comfort,thereby providing a basis for the wear of the PARGO.By analyzing the sagittal movement patterns of the hip and knee joints during normal human gait,kinematic analysis was carried out to obtain the input patterns of the PARGO hip and knee joint drive motors,enabling the patients to more accurately reproduce the normal gaits of hip and knee joints during the rehabilitation training with the aid of the PARGO,and the control process of the PARGO was studied.Finally,a prototype of the PARGO was developed,and experimentation was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the improved orthosis. | CHEN Dian Sheng NING Meng ZHANG Ben Guang YANG Guang | 2015 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2015，58，4： | 2 |
| 3 | 坡面道路上地面形貌对人体步进摩擦的影响显示文摘人体行走经常发生滑摔事故,而坡面道路是人体行走的典型路况之一.当前通过改变鞋底和地板的材料、鞋底和地板的表面形貌以提高步进摩擦系数的研究多是基于水平路面,对坡面道路上的人体行走,特别是地面形貌变化对坡面道路上的人体行走研究较少.本文中以45钢作为材料,制备出表面波纹度相同而表面形貌不同的地板,利用步进摩擦试验平台改变行走路面的坡度研究了地面形貌变化对坡面道路上人体步进摩擦的影响.结果表明:坡度对有效摩擦系数的影响高于表面形貌;随着坡度的增加,安全行走所需的必要摩擦系数增大,地面提供的有效摩擦系数减小,步频则先增大后减小;上坡启动时脚掌与路面的有效接触面积和下坡制动时脚跟的有效接触面积随坡度的增加而减小,导致有效摩擦系数降低,滑摔倾向增大.人体行走姿态为了保持平衡而缩短步长以降低必要摩擦系数. | 李梁瑜 陈德强 张永振 牛永平 陈慧敏 | 2020 | 摩擦学学报2020，40，4： | 1 |
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