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| 1 | A real-time inversion attack on the GMR-2 cipher used in the satellite phones显示文摘The GMR-2 cipher is a type of stream cipher currently being used in some inmarsat satellite phones. It has been proven that such a cipher can be cracked using only one single-frame(15 bytes) known keystream but with moderate executing time. In this paper, we present a new thorough security analysis of the GMR-2 cipher. We first study the inverse properties of the cipher's components to reveal a bad one-way character of the cipher. By then introducing a new concept called 'valid key chain' according to the cipher's key schedule, we propose an unprecedented real-time inversion attack using a single-frame keystream. This attack comprises three phases:(1) table generation;(2) dynamic table look-up, filtration and combination;and(3) verification. Our analysis shows that, using the proposed attack, the size of the exhaustive search space for the 64-bit encryption key can be reduced to approximately 2^(13) when a single-frame keystream is available. Compared with previous known attacks, this inversion attack is much more efficient. Finally, the proposed attack is carried out on a 3.3-GHz PC, and the experimental results thus obtained demonstrate that the 64-bit encryption-key could be recovered in approximately 0.02 s on average. | Jiao HU Ruilin LI Chaojing TANG | 2018 | Science China(Information Sciences)2018，61，3： | 1 |
| 2 | Improved Guess and Determine attack on the MASHA stream cipher显示文摘Dear editor,K2 is a secure and high-performance stream cipher and has been standardized by ISO/IEC 18033-4. The MASHA stream cipher is a successor of K2 with integrated MAC functionality proposed in 2011. Based on optimizing the guess and determination process, we present an improved Guess and Determine attack on MASHA with time complexity of 2224, reducing the time complexity of the existing attack by a factor of 296. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best attack on MASHA so far. | Lin DING Dawu GU Lei WANG Chenhui JIN Jie GUAN | 2021 | Science China(Information Sciences)2021，64，9： | 0 |
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