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| 1 | Fighting and aggressive sound determines larger male to win male-male competition in a bark beetle显示文摘Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning.While much research has documented that size matters,little is known about how the larger male wins.Dendroctonus vale ns is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over females.Behavioral observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each other.Experiments using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95%of contests.Reciprocal displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male competition.Larger males displaced the smaller resident male in 90%of contests,while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7%of contests.With both males silenced,larger males displaced smaller males in 80%of con tests,while smaller males prevailed in 8%of con tests.Further experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive soundemitting males displaced muted males in 67%of contests,yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5%of con tests.Sound analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in assays.Therefore,D.valens males have evolved dual behaviors,fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size,to assess rivals to compete for a partner,gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals. | Zhu-Dong Liu Jacob D.Wickham Jiang-Hua Sun | 2021 | Insect Science2021，28，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Effect of photoperiod on slow and fast developing individuals in aphidophagous ladybirds, Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)显示文摘在昆虫开发的环境参数的效果广泛地被学习了。但是为在在改变环境因素下面的一样的队以内的 2 微分发展的率的原因没被探索。为目的,在 5 个光周期下面在这学习慢、快的开发的存在和稳定性(即, 8L:16D, 10L:14D, 12L:12D, 14L:10D 和 16L:8D;轻、黑暗的小时每天) 并且它在 2 个 aphidophagous 瓢虫, Menochilus sexmaculatus (赘言作家) 和 Propylea dissecta (Mulsant ) 的身体质量和繁殖属性上的效果在 27 ±
在蚜虫属 craccivora Koch 上被检验1 °C 温度。清楚的 bimodal (2 座山峰,在第一座山峰代表了快发展中和第二山峰的地方,减缓发展中的个人) 在每个光周期的分发的模式被发现。在一个队的慢、快的发展中的个人的比例与光周期不同。慢发展中个人是在在 8L 的数字的更多:16D,在在 14L 的相等的数字:10D 并且在在 16L 的更少的数字:8D,显示在出现的变化由于外长的暗示影响了死亡的微分率。慢发展中个人让女偏导的性比率,更高的长寿和更低的身体比快开发个人集中。快发展中女性比慢开发女性与更高的鸡蛋生存能力放了鸡蛋的更高的数字。在在不同光周期的开发的如此的变化的学习是有用的特别地在昆虫的发展理解它的角色瓢虫和许可证快在害虫种类的 biocontrol 为他们的使用开发 bioagents 的选择。 | Neha Singh Geetanjali Mishra Omkar | 2016 | Insect Science2016，23，1： | 1 |
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