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| 1 | The tectonic fracture modeling of an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir based on an outcrop analogy: A case study in the Wangyao Oilfield of Ordos Basin, China显示文摘Due to inherent limits of data acquisition and geophysical data resolution, there are large uncertainties in the characterization of subsurface fractures. However, outcrop analogies can provide qualitative and quantitative information on a large number of fractures, based on which the accuracy of subsurface fracture characterization can be improved. Here we take the tectonic fracture modeling of an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir based on an outcrop analogy, a case study of the Chang611 Formation of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Group of the Wangyao Oilfield in the Ordos Basin of China. An outcrop at the edge of the basin is a suitable analog for the reservoir, but the prerequisite is that they must have equivalent previous stress fields, similar final structural characteristics, relative timing and an identical depositional environment and diagenesis. The relationship among fracture density, rock type and bed thickness based on the outcrop is one of the most important fracture distribution models, and can be used to interpret fracture density in individual wells quantitatively. Fracture orientation, dip, geometry and scale, also should be described and measured in the outcrop, and can be used together with structure restoration and single well fracture density interpretation to guide fracture intensity prediction on bed surfaces and to constrain the construction of the 3D fracture geometry model of the subsurface reservoir. The application of the above principles shows the outcrop-based tectonic fracture models of the target ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir are consistent with fractures inferred from microseismic interpretation and tracer tests. This illustrated that the fracture modeling based on the outcrop analogy is reliable and can reduce the uncertainty in stochastic fracture modeling. | Zhao Xiaoming Liu Li Hu Jialiang Zhou Xiaojun Li Min | 2014 | Petroleum Science2014，11，3： | 6 |
| 2 | A static resistance model and the discontinuous pattern of hydrocarbon accumulation in tight oil reservoirs显示文摘In exploration for tight oil, the content and saturation of hydrocarbon in the tight reservoir is a key factor for evaluating the reserve. Therefore, it is necessary to study the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation and the tight oil charging process. However, kinetic models used for petroleum development are not applicable for petroleum exploration. In this study, a static resistance model is proposed after analyzing resistances in ultra-slow flow in porous media. Using this model, the discontinuous pattern of oil charging is reproduced through incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, the phase field method and the finite element method. This study also explains macroscopic percolation behavior with microscopic flow mechanisms and discusses some issues in ultra-slow flow in a micro/nano pore-throat network. The resistance analysis reveals that capillary resistance and dissipation resistance are dominant factors in the mechanism of oil accumulation in tight reservoirs. Numerical simulations show that pressure thresholds exist and result in discontinuous oil charging. Generally, it is proven that the static model is more applicable than kinetic models in describing oil accumulation in tight reservoirs. | Sun Liang Zou Caineng Liu Xiaoli Zhu Rukai Wang Xiaoqi | 2014 | Petroleum Science2014，11，4： | 5 |
| 3 | Numerical simulation of high-resolution azimuthal resistivity laterolog response in fractured reservoirs显示文摘The high-resolution azimuthal resistivity laterolog response in a fractured formation was numerically simulated using a three-dimensional finite element method.Simulation results show that the azimuthal resistivity is determined by fracture dipping as well as dipping direction,while the amplitude differences between deep and shallow laterolog resistivities are mainly controlled by the former.A linear relationship exists between the corrected apparent conductivities and fracture aperture.With the same fracture aperture,the deep and shallow laterolog resistivities present small values with negative separations for low-angle fractures,while azimuthal resistivities have large variations with positive separations for high-angle fractures that intersect the borehole.For dipping fractures,the variation of the azimuthal resistivity becomes larger when the fracture aperture increases.In addition,for high-angle fractures far from the borehole,a negative separation between the deep and shallow resistivities exists when fracture aperture is large as well as high resistivity contrast exists between bedrock and fracture fluid.The decreasing amplitude of dual laterolog resistivity can indicate the aperture of low-angle fractures,and the variation of the deep azimuthal resistivity can give information of the aperture of high-angle fractures and their position relative to the borehole. | Shao-Gui Deng Li Li Zhi-Qiang Li Xu-Quan He Yi-Ren Fan | 2015 | Petroleum Science2015，12，2： | 2 |
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