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| 1 | 海岸带湿地自由生活海洋线虫的生态功能研究进展显示文摘线虫是一种丝线状的小型多细胞动物,生存于多种环境.其中约有25%线虫栖息在海洋中,在海洋沉积物中的数量一般为1×10^6-12×10^6 inds m^-2,通常以泥质河口和盐沼区域密度最高.盐沼湿地中大量被固定的碳通常以碎屑通道形式进入生态系统,在此过程中海洋线虫通过摄食及生物扰动作用扮演重要角色.盐沼植被的生长对海岸带沉积环境产生重要影响,进而改变海洋线虫的分布模式.在微食物网中,海洋线虫通过与细菌/碎屑耦合,刺激细菌生长,进而加速营养物质的再矿化;海洋线虫是较高营养阶元的食物来源,也是微型和大型底栖动物的重要联接.此外,海洋线虫作为潜在的环境指示种,在生物监测领域被广泛应用.我国海岸带湿地跨越不同的气候带,但是该区域中有关海洋线虫现有资料非常匮乏.为了刻画海洋线虫在海岸湿地的区域生态功能,有必要深化海洋线虫的生物生态学基础研究,定量刻画海洋线虫在物质循环和能量流动的贡献.其中,生物多样性的估算是生态系统动力机制研究的核心内容.除室内和野外受控实验研究外,应通过构建数学模型来预测生态系统对环境扰动的响应.为了提高数据获取的效率,方法学的改进也应给予重视. | 杜永芬 高抒 WARWICK R M 华尔 | 2014 | 科学通报2014，59，31： | 13 |
| 2 | 基于GBS技术的黄渤海沿岸托氏琩螺遗传特征分析显示文摘为了探讨辽宁沿海非经济贝类野生种群的遗传多样性水平和遗传分化特征,本研究选取了托氏琩螺(Umbonium thomasi),利用基于简化基因组测序的基因分型技术(GBS)对辽宁黄渤海沿岸的5个群体进行了全基因组水平的SNP标记开发和遗传特征分析。本研究共获得1315987个SNP标记,发现这5个托氏琩螺群体的观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.0851~0.1161和0.1424~0.1627,观测杂合度均低于期望杂合度,说明托氏琩螺群体存在杂合子缺失,有种群退化风险。C4-ZH群体可能因为外来物种的入侵而发生种群缩小和多样性降低。遗传分化研究发现,5个托氏琩螺群体处于中等分化水平,其中C5-JZ群体因为区域保护原因与其他4个群体的分化程度相对较高,且通过群体遗传结构分析发现,C5-JZ群体与其他群体的基因交流较少,基于此本研究开发了3个C5-JZ群体的特征性SNP标记。本研究结果将有助于了解辽宁沿海非经济物种的多样性水平,为自然资源的保护和利用提供依据。 | 高磊 鲍相渤 于思梦 李曌 李云峰 赫崇波 | 2020 | 中国水产科学2020，27，2： | 5 |
| 3 | 盐城围垦滩涂冬末大型土壤动物群落结构与多样性特征显示文摘为了探究围垦滩涂不同土地利用方式下大型土壤动物群落组成和多样性特征,2012年3月选择江苏盐城沿海滩涂荒地、麦地、芦苇地、杨树林和水杉林5种生境类型(围垦30年左右),采用手拣法采集大型土壤动物。5种生境共采集土壤动物344只,隶属3门16目,其中优势类群是膜翅目、等足目和鳞翅目,分别占27.62%、16.60%和13.08%。研究时段大型土壤动物Shannon多样性指数(H’)和Margalef丰富度指数(R)均表现为杨树林>水杉林>荒地>麦地>芦苇地;方差分析显示,不同生境土壤动物个体数、类群数、Shannon多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数上均有显著差异(P<0.001)。群落聚类结果显示,群落可分为4组:荒地、麦地、芦苇地和林地,其中荒地和林地群落之间距离较近,而麦地和芦苇地与其他生境的群落明显分离。非度量标度排序分析表明,围垦后滩涂大型土壤动物群落与土地利用方式密切相关,受土壤、植被和人为干扰等环境因素的影响。研究认为,在海岸带区域围垦滩涂采用提高生境复杂程度的土地利用方式有利于生物多样性维持。 | 葛宝明 张代臻 唐伯平 张华彬 周春霖 | 2013 | 生态学杂志2013，32，12： | 4 |
| 4 | Ecological functioning of free-living marine nematodes in coastal wetlands: an overview显示文摘Nematodes are small multicellular, thread-like organisms, inhabiting almost all conceivable environments;among these, some 25 % are free-living marine forms with a population density of(1–12) 9 106 inds m-2in seabed sediment, reaching maximum values in muddy estuaries and salt marshes. A large quantity of carbon from the salt marsh plants enters the ecosystem via the detritus pathway,in which nematodes play an important role through their feeding and bioturbation activities. Vegetation influences the sedimentary environment and modifies the distribution pattern of nematode communities in coastal wetlands.Nematodes are coupled closely with bacteria/detritus in microbial food webs, stimulating bacterial growth and subsequent nutrient remineralization; they provide food sources for higher trophic levels and serve as a linkagebetween micro- and macro-fauna. Furthermore, nematodes have a potential to provide proxies that can be used in diagnosing environmental quality. In China, only a limited number of nematode data sets are available for the coastal wetlands across several different climatic zones. It is necessary to carry out additional investigations into the biology and ecology of nematodes in order to delineate their ecological functioning in coastal wetlands. On such a basis,the contribution made by nematodes to material cycling and the ecological functioning in coastal wetlands can be quantified. The assessment of their biological diversity should be a focus, which is fundamental in the study of wetland ecosystem dynamic mechanisms. In addition to laboratory and mesocosm experiments, mathematical models should be established to predict the responses of ecosystem to the environmental disturbance. Finally, it is necessary to improve the techniques for nematode analysis,to enhance the efficiency of data acquisition. | Yongfen Du Shu Gao Richard M.Warwick Er Hua | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，34： | 2 |
| 5 | Editor's note显示文摘The coastal zone spans both land and water, extending landward up to the highest water line that occurs on shore during storms and seaward to the point at which storm waves no longer move sediments on the seafloor. The specific contact line between land and sea is the shoreline and adjacent land is | QIN Song LIU DongYan LIN HanZhi | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，19： | 0 |
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