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| 1 | Functional analyses of an E3 ligase gene AIP2 from wheat in Arabidopsis revealed its roles in seed germination and pre‐harvest sprouting显示文摘Pre‐harvest sprouting(PHS) seriously affects wheat yield and quality of the grain. ABI3 is a key factor in the activation of seed development and repression of germination in Arabidopsis. An ABI3‐interacting protein(AIP2) could polyubiquitinate ABI3, impair seed dormancy and promote seed germination in Arabidopsis. In this study,two wheat AIP2 genes, TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B, were isolated.Subcellular localization assay and yeast two‐hybrid analysis revealed that TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B may function through interaction with wheat Viviporous‐1(TaVp1). The transcripts TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B were more abundant in wheat PHS susceptible cultivars than that of resistant ones, and decreased gradually following seed development. Expression of TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B in Arabidopsis aip2‐1 mutant lines resulted in earlier flowering, promotion of seed germination,and reduced ABA sensitivity, respectively, somehow mimicking the phenotype of the wild type, with TaAIP2B having a stronger role in these aspects. Furthermore, the expression ofupstream genes ABI1 and ABI2 were upregulated, whereas that of downstream genes ABI3 and ABI5 were downregulated in both TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B complemented lines upon ABA treatment. These results suggested that wheat AIP2s could negatively regulate the ABA signaling pathway and play important roles in seed germination, and thus wheat PHS resistance finally. | Dong-Yao Gao Zhao-Shi Xu Yi He Yong-Wei Sun You-Zhi Ma Lan-Qin Xia | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2014，56，5： | 3 |
| 2 | The Ever Expanding Role of Ubiquitin and SUMO in Plant Biology显示文摘When it was discovered in the 1970s as a ubiquitous protein,ubiquitin, a 76-aminoacid peptide, had no assigned function. It was not until later that ubiquitin was found to be a necessary cofactor in a vital cellular process: the degradation of proteins.Work by Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, and Irwin | Giovanna Serino Qi Xie | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，1： | 3 |
| 3 | PEX16 contributions to peroxisome import and metabolism revealed by viable Arabidopsis pex16 mutants显示文摘Peroxisomes rely on peroxins(PEX proteins) for biogenesis, importing membrane and matrix proteins, and fission. PEX16, which is implicated in peroxisomal membrane protein targeting and forming nascent peroxisomes from the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), is unusual among peroxins because it is inserted co-translationally into the ER and localizes to both ER and peroxisomal membranes. PEX16 mutations in humans, yeast, and plants confer some common peroxisomal defects; however, apparent functional differences have impeded the development of a unified model for PEX16 action. The only reported pex16 mutant in plants, the Arabidopsis shrunken seed1 mutant, is inviable,complicating analysis of PEX16 function after embryogenesis. Here, we characterized two viable Arabidopsis pex16 alleles that accumulate negligible PEX16 protein levels. Both mutants displayed impaired peroxisome function-slowed consumption of stored oil bodies, decreased import of matrix proteins, and increased peroxisome size. Moreover,one pex16 allele exhibited reduced growth that could be alleviated by an external fixed carbon source, decreased responsiveness to peroxisomally processed hormone precursors, and worsened or improved peroxisome function in combination with other pex mutants. Because the mutations impact different regions of the PEX16 gene, these viable pex16 alleles allow assessment of the importance of Arabidopsis PEX16 and its functional domains. | Sarah E.Burkhart Roxanna J.Llinas Bonnie Bartel | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2019，61，7： | 1 |
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