| 1 | 科尔沁沙地不同类型沙地植被恢复过程中地上生物量与凋落物量变化显示文摘植物体生长、死亡及分解是沙地生态系统物质周转的重要环节。以科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、固定沙丘及草地为研究对象,通过对2009—2011年3个生长季各生境植被特征、地上生物量和凋落物的测定,分析了沙地恢复过程中地上生物量和凋落物量的变化趋势和季节动态。结果表明:(1)地表植被存在显著的生境差异,植被盖度、生物量和密度等均表现为草地>固定沙丘>流动沙丘。(2)3类生境地上生物量均存在显著的单峰曲线的季节差异性,其中草地最大生物量分别出现在7月(2009年)和8月(2010、2011年),最大生物量为163.71~247.64g·m^(-2);固定沙丘最大生物量均在2009、2010、2011年7月达到最高,分别为96.13、96.02、102.74g·m^(-2),流动沙丘最高地上生物量为17.48~20.10g·m^(-2),分别出现在7月(2009年和2010年)和9月(2011年)。(3)2009、2010、2011年3类生境中的年最大凋落物量分别为21.0、267.6、370.1g·m^(-2),其中草地和固定沙丘中凋落叶和凋落枝等非立枯有较大比重,流动沙丘凋落物主要为立枯;同时各生境凋落物具有与地上生物量相反的季节特征。 | 罗永清 赵学勇 丁杰萍 冯静 苏娜 周欣 岳祥飞 | 2016 | 中国沙漠2016，36，1： | 21 |
| 2 | Artificial root exudates and soil organic carbon mineralization in a degraded sandy grassland in northern China显示文摘Plant root exudates contain various organic and inorganic components that include glucose, citric and oxalic acid. These components affect rhizosphere microbial and microfaunal activities, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Studies concerned from degraded grassland ecosystems with low soil carbon(C) contents are rare, in spite of the global distribution of grasslands in need of restoration. All these have a high potential for carbon sequestration, with a reduced carbon content due to overutilization. An exudate component that rapidly decomposes will increase soil respiration and CO2 emission, while a component that reduces decomposition of native soil carbon can reduce CO2 emission and actually help sequestering carbon in soil. Therefore, to investigate root exudate effects on rhizosphere activity, citric acid, glucose and oxalic acid(0.6 g C/kg dry soil) were added to soils from three biotopes(grassland, fixed dune and mobile dune) located in Naiman, Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China) and subjected to a 24-day incubation experiment together with a control. The soils were also analyzed for general soil properties. The results show that total respiration without exudate addition was highest in grassland soil, intermediate in fixed dune and lowest in mobile dune soil. However, the proportion of native soil carbon mineralized was highest in mobile dune soil, reflecting the low C/N ratio found there. The exudate effects on CO2-C emissions and other variables differed somewhat between biotopes, but total respiration(including that from the added substrates) was significantly increased in all combinations compared with the control, except for oxalic acid addition to mobile dune soil, which reduced CO2-C emissions from native soil carbon. A small but statistically significant increase in pH by the exudate additions in grassland and fixed dune soil was observed, but there was a major decrease from acid additions to mobile dune soil. In contrast, electrical conductivity decreased in grassland and fixed dune soil and increased in mobile dune. Thus, discrete components of root exudates affected soil environmental conditions differently, and responses to root exudates in soils with low carbon contents can differ from those in normal soils. The results indicate a potential for, e.g., acid root exudates to decrease decomposition rate of soil organic matter in low carbon soils, which is of interest for both soil restoration and carbon sequestration. | YongQing LUO XueYong ZHAO Olof ANDRéN YangChun ZHU WenDa HUANG | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，4： | 11 |
| 3 | 水耕时间对低丘水田土壤发育的影响显示文摘【目的】了解水耕时间对亚热带低丘水田土壤性态的影响,对水耕土壤进行正确分类。【方法】在浙江省金衢盆地内选择坡麓和岗地二种地貌单元,观测不同水耕时间的第四纪红土发育水田土壤的剖面形态特征,分层采集土样分析土壤理化性状。【结果】随着水耕时间的增加,土壤颜色由红转黄,色调由2.5YR向7.5YR或10YR演变;表层土壤黏粒含量逐渐下降,有机质与全磷及有效磷积累,pH、阳离子交换量和活性铁逐渐增加,土壤游离氧化铁逐渐下移淀积;水耕时间对土壤性状的影响由表层向心土层发展。调查表明,由于水分条件的差异,水耕时间对坡麓地带水田土壤性状的影响大于岗地水田。【结论】由第四纪红土旱地改为水田,形成典型水耕人为土约15 a,形成铁聚水耕人为土约150 a以上,水耕时间低于150 a主要形成简育水耕人为土;随着水稻种植时间的增加,活性有机质占有机质的比例随有机质积累同步增加,水稻土心土层具有较强的固碳潜力。 | 麻万诸 章明奎 丁志峰 杨琼瑶 朱康莹 | 2022 | 土壤通报2022，53，2： | 0 |
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