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| 1 | Diurnal and seasonal variation of the elevation gradient of air temperature in the northern flank of the western Qinling Mountain range,China显示文摘The typically sparse or lacking distribution of meteorological stations in mountainous areas inadequately resolves temperature elevation variability. This study presented the diurnal and seasonal variations of the elevation gradient of air temperature in the northern flank of the western Qinling Mountain range,which has not been thoroughly evaluated. The measurements were conducted at 9 different elevations between 1710 and 2500 m from August 2014 to August 2015 with HOBO Data loggers. The results showed that the annual temperature lapse rates(TLRs) for Tmean,Tmin and Tmax were 0.45?C/100 m,0.44?C/100 m and 0.40?C/100 m,respectively,which are substantially smaller than the often used value of 0.60°C/100 m to 0.65°C/100 m. The TLRs showed no obvious seasonal variations,except for the maximum temperature lapse rate,which was steeper in winter and shallower in spring. Additionally,the TLRs showed significant diurnal variations,with the steepest TLR in forenoon and the shallowest in early morning or late-afternoon,and the TLRs changed more severely during the daytime than night time. The accumulated temperature above 0°C,5°C and 10°C(AT0,AT5 and AT10) decreased at a lapse rate of 112.8?C days/100 m,104.5?C days/100 m and 137.0?C days/100 m,respectively. The monthly and annual mean diurnal range of temperatures(MDRT and ADRT) demonstrated unimodal curves along the elevation gradients,while the annual range of temperature(ART) showed no significant elevation differences. Our results strongly suggest that the extrapolated regional TLR may not be a good representative for an individual mountainside,in particular,where there are only sparse meteorological stations at high elevations. | WANG Guo-yi ZHAO Ming-fei KANG Mu-yi XING Kai-xiong WANG Yu-hang XUE Feng CHEN Chen | 2017 | Journal of Mountain Science2017，14，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Elevational patterns of temperature and humidity in the middle Tianshan Mountain area in Central Asia显示文摘The vertical distribution of vegetation types along an elevational gradient in mountain areas largely depends on the elevational changes in air temperature and humidity. In this study, we presented the seasonal and diurnal variations in the elevational gradients of air temperature and humidity on the southern and northern slopes in the middle Tianshan Mountain Range using data collected throughout the year via HOBO data loggers. The measurements were conducted at 12 different elevations from 1548 to 3277 m from September 2004 to August 2005. The results showed that the annual mean air temperature decreased along the elevational gradients with temperature lapse rates of(0.71±0.20)°C/100 m and(0.59±0.05)°C/100 m on the northern and southern slopes, respectively. The annual mean absolute humidity significantly decreased with increasing elevation on the northern slope but showed no significant trend on the southern slope. The annual mean relative humidity did not show a significant trend on the northern slope but increased with increasing elevation on the southern slope. The mean air temperature lapse rate exhibited significant seasonal variation, which is steeper insummer and shallower in winter, and this value varied between 0.37°C/100 m and 0.75°C/100 m on the southern slope and between 0.30°C/100 m and 1.02°C/100 m on the northern slope. The mean absolute and relative humidity also exhibited significant seasonal variations on both slopes, with the maximum occurring in summer and the minimum occurring in winter or spring. The monthly diurnal range of air temperature on both slopes was higher in spring than in winter. The annual range of air temperature on the southern slope was higher than that on the northern slope. Our results suggest that significant spatiotemporal variations in humidity and temperature lapse rate are useful when analyzing the relationships between species range sizes and climate in mountain areas. | Gheyur GHEYRET Anwar MOHAMMAT TANG Zhi-yao | 2020 | Journal of Mountain Science2020，17，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Warming induced changes in wood matter accumulation in tracheid walls of spruce显示文摘The warming-driven increase of the vegetation season length impacts both net productivity and phenology of plants, changing an annual carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. To evaluate this influence, tree growth along the temperature gradients can be investigated on various organization levels, beginning from detailed climatic records in xylem cells’ number and morphometric parameters. In this study, the Borus Ridge of the Western Sayan Mountains(South Siberia) was considered as a forest area under rapid climate change caused by massive Sayano-Shushenskoe reservoir. Several parameters of the xylem anatomical structure in Siberian spruce(Picea obovata Ledeb.)were derived from normalized tracheidograms of cell radial diameter and cell wall thickness and analyzed during 50 years across elevational gradient(at 520,960, and 1320 m a.s.l.). On the regional scale, the main warming by 0.42°C per decade occurs during cold period(November–March). Construction of the reservoir accelerated local warming substantially since 1980, when abrupt shift of the cold season temperature by 2.6°C occurred. It led to the vegetation season beginning 3-6 days earlier and ending 4-10 day later with more stable summer heat supply. Two spatial patterns were found in climatic response of maximal cell wall thickness:(1)temperature has maximal impact during 21-day period, and its seasonality shifts with elevation in tune with temperature gradient;(2) response to the date of temperature passing +9.5°C threshold is observed at two higher sites. Climate change yielded significantly bigger early wood spruce tracheids at all sites, but its impact on cell wall deposition process had elevational gradient: maximal wall thickness increased by 7.9% at the treeline, by 18.2% mid-range,and decreased by 4.9% at the lower boundary of spruce growth;normalized total cell wall area increased by 6.2%-6.8% at two higher sites but remained stable at the lowest one. We believe that these patterns are caused by two mechanisms of spruce secondary growth cessation: 'emergency'induced by temperature drop versus 'regular' one in warmer conditions. Therefore, autumn lengthening of growth season stimulated wood matter accumulation in tracheid walls mainly in cold environment,increasing role of boreal and mountain forests in carbon cycle. | Elena BABUSHKINA Dina ZHIRNOVA Liliana BELOKOPYTOVA Eugene VAGANOV | 2020 | Journal of Mountain Science2020，17，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Digital Identification of Ecosystem Structure in the FIrtIna Valley of the Kakar Mountains in the Rize City of Turkey显示文摘Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability. The study area, the Firtina Valley, located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast, is one of the biological hotspots and a National Park of Turkey. In order to identify the structure of mountain ecosystems, we generated a GIS database for the main environmental parameters of the study area, including elevation,slope and aspect layers for topographic structure, 10year mean values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), data for vegetation structure, annual mean temperature and precipitation layers for climatic structure, main soil groups for soil structure and stream flow accumulation, stream flow length and stream order layers for hydrological structure.To identify the complex relations among environmental factors in the study area a data reduction method is applied with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). PCA is performed using data of 16 layers from Geographical Information Systems(GIS). PCA analysis reduced 16 dimensions into 5 dimensions containing 75% of the variation in all data. It is also revealed that the topographic structure, mainly altitude, dominates the ecosystems of the Firtina Valley, but it should be considered that the interactions of environmental factors in an ecosystem dynamics are very complex. The ecosystem structure is determined by the environmental factors direct or indirect effects on energy regulation of an ecosystem. Therefore the relationship between topographic elements and other abiotic-biotic elements in the Firtina Valley are important for environmental assessment and sustainability of a protected area, and these effects are explained in this study. | Cagasan KARACAOGLU Selim Sualp CAGLAR | 2014 | Journal of Mountain Science2014，11，2： | 0 |
| 5 | 山东半岛及内陆近地表气温直减率场空间格局分析显示文摘本研究利用2000-2018年气象站点月均温观测资料与MOD11C3地表温度产品生成气温场,结合数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM),采用窗口差分方法,生成山东半岛及内陆夏季、冬季及年均气温直减率场,结合地貌类型,进行气温直减率的空间格局进行分析。结果表明:①山东半岛及内陆年均气温直减率为0.58°C/100 m,冬季气温直减率0.55°C/100 m小于夏季气温直减率0.62°C/100 m,符合冬小夏大的夏季型分布规律;②年、季气温直减率受河流、山地等地貌影响,空间分布格局显著:一方面沿河流呈条状分布,以黄河、京杭运河直减率条带最为明显,极值集中在黄河三角洲附近(0.60~0.73°C/100 m);一方面在山地、丘陵与平原交汇处沿高海拔地貌边缘呈环绕分布(0.55~0.69°C/100 m),极值大多在鲁中山区与鲁西北平原交界处(0.65~0.69°C/100 m),鲁南山地丘陵区与鲁西南平原交界处(0.65~0.67°C/100 m),鲁东半岛丘陵区与胶莱平原交界处集中分布(0.64~0.66°C/100 m),在海拔1000 m以上山地如泰山、沂山等(0.62~0.72°C/100 m)边缘零散分布;③不同地貌类型气温直减率变化存在季节差异。平原、湖泊、丘陵、山地气温直减率夏季>冬季,起伏度不同的山地也存在相同的季节变化规律。不同于气温的纬向和垂直分布规律,不同地貌区气温直减率受地形起伏,海拔、坡向等微地形因子影响局地变化规律存在差异性。对不同地貌区气温直减率场的空间格局分析,可为合理利用气候资源,对研究区内森林植被恢复与重建提供科学的气象参考。 | 张刘东 韩芳 乔显娟 高晴 孟晓烨 穆豪祥 | 2022 | 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)2022，53，4： | 0 |
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